Fecal Consistency as Related to Dietary Composition in Lactating Holstein Cows

Ireland-Perry, R.L.; Stallings, Charles C.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(93)77436-6

Cited by 76 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…There were no acidic samples with pH less than 6.5 in either normal or diarrheic cows. The fecal pH values in the present study were nearly the same as previous reports in dairy cows (pH 6.6–7.1; Ireland‐Perry & Stallings 1993). On average, higher lactate levels were observed in grazing cows.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Fecal ammonia, urea, volatile fatty acid and lactate levels in dairy cows and their pathophysiological significance during diarrhea

Satô

Nakajima²

2005

Animal Science Journal

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Normal fecal samples were taken from lactating cows fed either a total mixed ration (TMR; n = 30) or pasture‐based diet (20) and from dry cows fed mainly on hay (15). Diarrheic fecal samples (n = 51) were collected from 21 sick dairy cows. Fecal analyses of ammonia, urea, lactate and volatile fatty acid (VFA) levels were used to evaluate colonic fermentation. Most normal feces had reasonably neutral pH, however, alkaline feces were observed in diarrheic cows. Although fecal lactate is higher in cows on grazing pasture, lactate levels were generally lower in the cows in the present study. Fecal VFA levels were higher in lactating cows than in dry cows. Elevated fecal urea was observed in diarrheic cows, however, many fecal samples in normal and diarrheic cows contained no urea. Fecal VFA levels in diarrheic cows were lower than in normal lactating cows, but were approximately equivalent to those in dry cows. Grazing or dry cows showed higher acetate and lower n‐butyrate proportions compared with TMR‐fed or diarrheic cows. Higher proportions of branched chain VFAs were observed in diarrheic cows, and the lowest level was observed in grazing cows. The present results indicate that intracolonic nitrogen equilibrium and proteolytic fermentation are altered by diarrheic status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Fecal ammonia, urea, volatile fatty acid and lactate levels in dairy cows and their pathophysiological significance during diarrhea

Satô

Nakajima²

2005

Animal Science Journal

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“…Feces from cows fed BMR were drier (P < 0.03) than those from cows fed DP. Ireland-Perry and Stallings (1993) reported that dietary concentration of NDF was negatively correlated and concentration of dietary starch was positively correlated with fecal DM concentration, but neither of those 2 variables differed between hybrid treatments in this experiment. Excretion of fecal DM and water were not affected by MP, but fecal DM concentration was increased as MP increased.…”

Section: Manure Output and Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 53%

Effect of Corn Silage Hybrid and Metabolizable Protein Supply on Nitrogen Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows

Weiss

Wyatt

2006

Journal of Dairy Science

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This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of corn silage hybrid and supply of metabolizable protein (MP) on manure excretion and N metabolism by lactating dairy cows. Eight Holstein cows in midlactation (replicated 4 x 4 Latin square with 21-d periods) were fed 1 of 4 treatments, arranged factorially. Diets contained 55% corn silage made from a dual-purpose hybrid or a brown midrib (BMR) hybrid, and 45% concentrate that contained either a low or high concentration of rumen undegradable protein (altered by the addition of fish meal and treated soybean meal). Crude protein averaged 14.0 and 17.5% and supply of MP averaged 2,360 and 2,990 g/d for the low and high MP treatments (not affected by hybrid). Increasing supply of MP greatly increased urine output and tended to increase total manure output, whereas diets with BMR silage tended to reduce manure output. Increased MP supply increased daily excretion of manure N by 25% (465 vs. 374 g/d), fecal N by 27 g, and urinary N by 64 g. When the effect of N intake was removed, cows fed BMR silage excreted about 15 g/d less N via manure than cows fed the other silage. Rumen ammonia, volatile fatty acid concentrations, and pH were not affected by treatment. Dry matter intake (overall mean = 24.9 kg/d) tended to be increased with increased MP but was not affected by hybrid. Milk production for cows fed BMR was higher than for cows fed the dual-purpose hybrid (36.9 vs. 35.3 kg/d), but because of changes in fat concentration, yield of energy-corrected milk was not affected by treatment. The only interaction observed was increased yield of milk protein when BMR silage was combined with increased supply of MP.

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“…Several articles published in extension magazines have described fecal scoring systems; however, due to a lack of sufficient peer reviewed scientific research; it was difficult to homogenize criteria to develop the scoring system used in the present study. The score was adapted from the study of Ireland-Perry and Stallings (1993) and was based on consistency, physical form and shape of the fecal material. In addition, the scoring system was validated by a preliminary pilot study, in which both authors of this article individually scored several fecal samples on the same farm until there was a consistent matching of scores with no more than a 0.5 point difference.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Total Mixed Ration Particle Size and Fecal Scores in Holstein Lactating Dairy Cows from Florida, USA

Meléndez¹,

Roy²

2016

American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

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The objective of this study was to determine the association between the proportion of particles greater than 19 mm in a total mixed ration fed to dairy cattle and their fecal score. Over a 22 day period, random feed samples were collected twice a day from a one-side barn and assessed for particle size using the Pennsylvania State Particle Separator. In addition, at each feeding sampling, the same barn was inspected and fresh feces were scored on a four point scale. Multiple regression models were developed to associate the proportion of particles >19 mm with fecal scores at one, two and three days after that specific particle evaluation. Results of this observational study showed a significant relationship between particle size and fecal scores two days later. The results demonstrated a cubic polynomial effect: Fecal scores improved with increasing of the proportion of particle size >19 mm at a low proportion of large particles, then it was maintained constant at intermediate proportion (10-15%) of large particles and finally increased again with a high proportion (up to 17%) of particle >19 mm.

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Fecal Consistency as Related to Dietary Composition in Lactating Holstein Cows

Cited by 76 publications

References 14 publications

Fecal ammonia, urea, volatile fatty acid and lactate levels in dairy cows and their pathophysiological significance during diarrhea

Fecal ammonia, urea, volatile fatty acid and lactate levels in dairy cows and their pathophysiological significance during diarrhea

Effect of Corn Silage Hybrid and Metabolizable Protein Supply on Nitrogen Metabolism of Lactating Dairy Cows

The Association between Total Mixed Ration Particle Size and Fecal Scores in Holstein Lactating Dairy Cows from Florida, USA

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