Fecal Estrone Sulfate Profile in Sows during Gestation.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study was to establish radioimmunoassay (RIA) for fecal estrone sulfate (E1S) and to elucidate changes in fecal E1S during pregnancy in the sow. Fecal E1S was extracted on a commercially available solid phase column, and the E1S fraction obtained was subjected to RIA. The sensitivity of the RIA was 8.5 pg/tube. The intra-and inter-assay coefficients of variation were 8.8-8.9% and 10.7-14.2%, respectively. Mean recovery for E1S added to fecal samples was as high as 95.0%. A significant positive correlation (r=0.904, n=147 p<0.0001) existed between fecal and plasma E1S concentrations. Mean E1S concentration in feces and plasma fluctuated exhibiting two peaks. The first peak of E1S concentration was evident on days 28-32 in feces and on days 26-30 in plasma. The E1S concentration in both feces and plasma remained at baseline levels during mid-pregnancy, but began to rise gradually around days 72-82 and 70-80, in feces and plasma respectively, and reached a peak concentration on days 110-114. Following parturition, the concentration of E1S in plasma declined rapidly, but there was a two-day delay before a decline in fecal E1S. Apart from this two-day delay, changes in fecal E1S were similar to those in plasma E1S. The study indicates that the measurement of E1S in feces could be a useful tool for early pregnancy diagnosis and for monitoring fetal development in sows and gilts.-KEY WORDS: estrone sulfate, feces, pregnancy, radioimmunoassay, sow.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61(6): 661-665, 1999 our department were used for the present study. The sows were artificially inseminated on the first day of estrus. Fecal samples were collected from each sow at intervals of two days during pregnancy, as described previously by Moriyoshi et al. [13]. Briefly, a plastic glove for rectal examination was worn on the hand which was inserted into the rectum of sows. An appropriate amount of impacted feces was taken from the rectum and immediately aliquoted in 2 g amounts. The aliquots were put into plastic test tubes each containing 8 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer with 0.1% of bovine serum albumin (BSA; albumin, bovine fraction V, Sigma-Chemicals Co., St. Louis, U.S.A), and then taken back to the laboratory. After thoroughly shaking on a Direct Mix TS-50 (Thermal Kagaku Sangyo Co., Ltd., Japan), the solution was centrifuged at 1,700 × g for 15 min, and the supernatant was frozen at 20°C as the fecal solution until assayed for E1S. Immediately after fecal collection, blood samples were also collected from the median tail vein into heparinized test tubes. Plasma was separated by immediate centrifugation (1,700 × g, 15 min) and kept frozen at 20°C until assayed for E1S. In order to use as E1S standard for fecal samples, E1S-free feces were collected from 5 castrated boars. The E1S-free fecal solutions prepared as described above were pooled. Preparation of standard fecal E1S solution: Fecal samples were collected from 5 castrated boars and the fecal solutions prepared were pooled as described above. These were used fo...

Fecal Estrone Sulfate Profile of a Sow Showing Abnormal Pregnancy with Fetal Mummification.

“…2. The data of the normal farrowing cases is the same in a previous report [9]. Mean E1S concentration of normal farrowing cases in feces fluctuated exhibiting two peaks: the first peak was on days 28-32, and from around days 72-82 E1S began to rise gradually reaching a second peak concentration on days 110-114.…”

“…In a previous study [9], the authors measured E1S in feces, which are easier to collect than blood, of sows. The study showed that changes in fecal and plasma E1S were similar with a two day delay in fecal E1S compared to plasma E1S.…”

Pregnancy diagnosis based on the fecal progesterone concentration in beef and dairy heifers and beef cows

“…This may be attributable to a delay in progesterone excretion in the feces. A time lag in progesterone metabolites and estrogen between plasma and feces was reported in cattle (Schwarzenberger et al, 1996;Morrow and Monfort, 1998;Isobe et al, 2005) and pigs (Choi et al, 1987;Ohtaki et al, 1999;. According to Isobe et al (2005), in cattle, the time lag range between the progesterone concentration in plasma and feces varies with individual (0-2 days).…”

Fecal Progestagen and Estrone During Pregnancy in a Giraffe: A Case Report

“…The plasma and fecal estrone sulfate concentrations in the pig increase transiently around day 25 and then decreased. This is followed by gradual increase as parturition approaches (day 114) [5,[19][20][21]. Therefore, early pregnancy diagnosis is possible in the pig by measuring the plasma and fecal estrone and estrone sulfate concentrations around day 25 [4,5,22].…”