Fecal microbiota transplantation for<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection: back to the future

Borgia, Guglielmo; Maraolo, Alberto Enrico; Foggia, Maria; Buonomo, Antonio Riccardo; Gentile, Ivan

doi:10.1517/14712598.2015.1045872

Cited by 17 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 115 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…4,5 For example, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT), as a gut microbiota-targeted therapy, for the treatment of Clostridium difficile, could be a good example of the application of gut microbiota modulation for preventing infectious diseases. 6 In our previous study and other recent studies, metabolic improvement by commonly used drugs such as metformin, accompanied by modulation of the abundance of bacterial taxa (e.g, Akkermansia muciniphila), had a beneficial effect on obesity and type 2 diabetes. 7,8 In addition, gut microbiota influences healthy immunity from viral infections such as influenza virus and hepatitis virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

New perspectives regarding the antiviral effect of vitamin A on norovirus using modulation of gut microbiota

Lee

2017

Gut Microbes

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Gut microbiota has been revealed to play an important role in various health conditions, and recent studies have suggested the modulation of gut microbiota as a therapeutic strategy. There is no effective treatment of norovirus infection, though vitamin A has been suggested to have an antiviral effect in an epidemiological study. We demonstrated that vitamin A significantly inhibited murine norovirus replication. Vitamin A supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus sp. during norovirus infection, which played a crucial role in antiviral efficacy, inhibiting murine norovirus. Therefore, we elaborated the antiviral effect of vitamin A via modulation of gut microbiota. Furthermore, we suggest a novel strategy, using potential probiotics, as having a protective and therapeutic effect on noroviral infection.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

New perspectives regarding the antiviral effect of vitamin A on norovirus using modulation of gut microbiota

Lee

2017

Gut Microbes

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“…These changes were accompanied by symptom resolution and were long lasting. The suggested mechanisms are following: (1) prevention of colonization by toxigenic C. difficile through competition for a limited amount of nutrients; (2) direct inhibition of C. difficile growth and its toxigenic activity; (3) modulation of metabolites and transformation of bile acids, which indirectly impairs the life cycle of C. difficile ; (4) physiologic cross talk between the normal flora and the host immune system, resulting in a regulated immune response that may prevent colonization by C. difficile and its recurrence [ 15 ].…”

Section: Pathophysiologic Rationale For Fmtmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Current Applications, Effectiveness, and Future Perspectives

2016

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Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the infusion of liquid filtrate feces from a healthy donor into the gut of a recipient to cure a specific disease. A fecal suspension can be administered by nasogastric or nasoduodenal tube, colonoscope, enema, or capsule. The high success rate and safety in the short term reported for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection has elevated FMT as an emerging treatment for a wide range of disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, myoclonus dystopia, multiple sclerosis, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and autism. There are many unanswered questions regarding FMT, including donor selection and screening, standardized protocols, long-term safety, and regulatory issues. This article reviews the efficacy and safety of FMT used in treating a variety of diseases, methodology, criteria for donor selection and screening, and various concerns regarding FMT.

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“…In addition, C. difficile spores can be present in the hospital setting, thus multiple relapses are quite common and making effective treatment difficult (Johnson, 2009). In recent years alternative therapeutic approaches such as fecal material transplantation (FMT) have gained ground as being effective and patients experience fewer relapses due to the recolonization of the intestinal microbiota (Borgia et al, 2015). However, safety issues can still exist with FMT due to the lack of knowledge of the effective component within the fecal sample (Borgia et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years alternative therapeutic approaches such as fecal material transplantation (FMT) have gained ground as being effective and patients experience fewer relapses due to the recolonization of the intestinal microbiota (Borgia et al, 2015). However, safety issues can still exist with FMT due to the lack of knowledge of the effective component within the fecal sample (Borgia et al, 2015). Therefore, a vaccine approach is highly desired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization with Recombinant TcdB-Encapsulated Nanocomplex Induces Protection against Clostridium difficile Challenge in a Mouse Model

Liu

Chen

et al. 2017

Front. Microbiol.

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Clostridium difficile is considered to be one of the major cause of infectious diarrhea in healthcare systems worldwide. Symptoms of C. difficile infection are caused largely by the production of two cytotoxins: toxin A (TcdA) and toxin B (TcdB). Vaccine development is considered desirable as it would decrease the mounting medical costs and mortality associated with C. difficile infections. Biodegradable nanoparticles composed of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and chitosan have proven to be a safe and effective antigen delivery system for many viral vaccines. However, few studies have used this efficient antigen carrier for bacterial vaccine development. In this study, we eliminated the toxin activity domain of toxin B by constructing a recombinant protein rTcdB consists of residues 1852-2363 of TcdB receptor binding domain. The rTcdB was encapsulated in nanoparticles composed of γ-PGA and chitosan. Three rounds of intraperitoneal vaccination led to high anti-TcdB antibody responses and afforded mice full protection mice from lethal dose of C. difficile spore challenge. Protection was associated with high levels of toxin-neutralizing antibodies, and the rTcdB-encapsulated NPs elicited a longer-lasting antibody titers than antigen with the conventional adjuvant, aluminum hydroxide. Significant reductions in the level of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines were observed in vaccinated mouse. These results suggested that polymeric nanocomplex-based vaccine design can be useful in developing vaccine against C. difficile infections.

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Fecal microbiota transplantation forClostridium difficileinfection: back to the future

Cited by 17 publications

References 115 publications

New perspectives regarding the antiviral effect of vitamin A on norovirus using modulation of gut microbiota

New perspectives regarding the antiviral effect of vitamin A on norovirus using modulation of gut microbiota

Fecal Microbiota Transplantation: Current Applications, Effectiveness, and Future Perspectives

Immunization with Recombinant TcdB-Encapsulated Nanocomplex Induces Protection against Clostridium difficile Challenge in a Mouse Model

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