Feed intake, growth and protein deposition of pigs fed three protein levels

Kemm, E.H.; Siebrits, F.K.; Ras, MN; Coetzee, Sophia E.

doi:10.1016/0301-6226(94)00054-b

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Residual correlations observed in this study were low to moderate in comparison to the genetic correlations, which agree with De Vries et al (1994) and Kemm et al (1995).…”

Section: Fixed Factorssupporting

confidence: 79%

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth performance and carcass traits in Mukota pigs

Chimonyo

Dzama

2007

Animal

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The objective of the study was to determine genetic parameters for growth and carcass traits in Mukota pigs, maintained on a fibrous diet. Records (n ¼ 1961) were obtained from a population housed at the University of Zimbabwe Farm (Harare, Zimbabwe) between January 1998 and August 2003. Backfat thickness was measured at 50 and 75 mm (K5 and K7.5), respectively. Carcass length (CL) was measured from the anterior edge of the first rib to the pubic bone using a measuring tape. Variance components were estimated using a model that accounted for direct, common environmental litter and maternal genetic effects, using average information restricted maximum likelihood. Heritability estimates for average daily gain from birth to weaning (ADGW) and average daily gain from weaning to 12 weeks (ADG1) were 0.15 and 0.27, respectively. Maternal genetic effects accounted for 2.6% of variation for ADG1. Heritability for average daily gain from 12 weeks to slaughter (ADG2) was 0.20. Common environmental litter effects accounted for 18% of phenotypic variance for cold dressed mass (CDM). Heritability estimates for CDM and CL were 0.32 and 0.62, respectively. Maternal genetic effects accounted for 10.5% of variance in CL. Heritability estimates for K5 and K7.5 were 0.64 and 0.40, respectively. The CDM was positively genetically correlated to K5, but negative to K7.5. The K5 and K7.5 had a high genetic correlation (0.88). Genetic correlations between ADGW and K5, K7.5 and CL were 0.30, 0.05 and 0.35, respectively. The existence of sufficient genetic variation makes genetic improvement for many growth and carcass traits in the Mukota breed possible through effective selection methods.

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“…Residual correlations observed in this study were low to moderate in comparison to the genetic correlations, which agree with De Vries et al (1994) and Kemm et al (1995).…”

Section: Fixed Factorssupporting

confidence: 79%

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth performance and carcass traits in Mukota pigs

Chimonyo

Dzama

2007

Animal

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“…However, no change in NR:NI ratio was observed. These observations suggest that the Ib gilts, which were in an earlier stage of growth than the castrated males used in our previous study, approached maximum capacity for protein deposition with the 12% CP diet and therefore that they require less protein per kilogram of feed than fast growing leaner breeds (Campbell et al, 1985;Bikker et al, 1994;Kemm et al, 1995). Due to differences in growth potential, muscle accretion, and mature BW, Landrace gilts could meet their Lys requirements only with the A16 treatment, which provided 11.8 g of Lys per kilogram of diet, a concentration slightly greater than the recommended allowance of NRC (1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Differences in whole-body protein turnover between Iberian and Landrace pigs fed adequate or lysine-deficient diets1,2

Rivera-Ferré

Aguilera

Nieto

2006

Journal of Animal Science

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The capacity for protein deposition in Iberian pigs is lower than in modern (e.g., Landrace) pig breeds, and the reasons for this remain unknown. The hypothesis tested in this work is that under similar nutritional and physiological conditions, whole-body protein turnover as well as the protein synthesis to protein deposition ratio differs between Iberian and Landrace breeds, resulting in dissimilar protein deposition rates. As a main objective, these variables were compared at different protein and Lys intakes in growing gilts. The study examined the effect of Lys deficiency because this is the prevalent condition during the fattening period of the Iberian pig in the Mediterranean forest, where the main feed source is oak acorn, which provides approximately one-third of the available Lys present in an ideal protein. Three diets were tested within each breed: 2 diets with an optimal essential AA pattern, containing 12 or 16% CP as-fed, or a Lys-deficient diet (35% of the recommended Lys content). This diet was supplied at 12% CP for the Iberian and 16% CP for the Landrace pigs, respectively. The contrasts made were breed x dietary protein concentration and breed x AA pattern (adequate vs. inadequate Lys content). Cumulative urinary (15)N excretion over 60 h after receiving an oral dose of [(15)N]-glycine was used to calculate N flux. Mean BW for Landrace and Iberian pigs were 25.8 +/- 0.55 kg and 30.8 +/- 0.74 kg, respectively. Protein deposition (g of N/(kg(0.75).d) was lower in the Iberian than in the Landrace gilts (4 to 16%; P = 0.002) and increased with dietary protein content. In contrast, protein synthesis and degradation [g of N/(kg(0.75).d)] were greater for the Landrace breed (16 to 18 and 23%, respectively, for the 2 dietary protein contents studied; P < 0.05), but no breed differences were detected in fractional protein synthesis and degradation rates. The ratio of protein synthesis:protein deposition (S/PD) did not change with dietary protein concentration or breed and achieved a mean value of 5.4. Irrespective of breed, Lys deficiency had a strong negative effect on N balance (P < 0.001) and increased the ratio of S/PD (P = 0.012). The greater rates of protein deposition, synthesis, and degradation in Landrace pigs than in Iberian pigs fed optimal AA-pattern diets were then attributed to differences in body protein mass. Consequently, these results validate the hypothesis of unequal synthesis and degradation, but not of unequal S/PD, between breeds.

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“…Segundo Mc CracKen (1993), citado por KEMM et al (1995), a deposição de lipídios é o produto final da energia residual disponível para produção, após o ganho de proteína e a necessidade de mantença terem sido atendidos.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Níveis de proteína bruta para leitoas dos 30 aos 60 kg mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura (31ºC)

Orlando¹,

Oliveira²,

Donzele³

et al. 2001

R. Bras. Zootec.

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RESUMO -O experimento foi conduzido para avaliar níveis de proteína bruta (PB) para leitoas em crescimento, mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura. A temperatura interna da sala foi mantida em 30,7 ± 0,61°C; a umidade relativa, em 66,4 ± 7,7%; e o í ndice de temperatura de globo e umidade (ITGU) foi calculado em 81,1 ± 1,36. Foram utilizadas 40 leitoas mestiças, com peso inicial médio de 29,7 ± 1,60 kg, em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com cinco tratamentos (16, 17, 18, 19 e 20% de PB), quatro repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. As rações experimentais isoenergéticas (3400 kcal de ED/kg de ração) foram formuladas para satisfazer as exigências dos animais, exceto em PB. Ração e água foram fornecidas à vontade até o final do experimento, quando os animais atingiram peso médio de 60,0 ± 1,93 kg. Os tratamentos não influenciaram o ganho de peso. Entretanto, a conversão alimentar melhorou de forma quadrática até o nível de 18,26%. Os consumos diários de proteína e lisina aumentaram linearmente em razão do nível de PB da ração, porém não se observou efeito dos tratamentos sobre os consumos de ração e de energia digestível diários. A taxa de deposição diária de gordura (TDG) na carcaça variou de forma quadrática, reduzindo até o nível de 19,48% de PB, enquanto a de proteína (TDP) aumentou de forma linear. Apesar dos efeitos quadrático e linear dos tratamentos sobre a TDG e a TDP, respectivamente, o modelo "Linear Response Plateau" (LRP) foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados, estimando-se em 18,38 e 18,12% os níveis de PB, a partir dos quais a TDG e a TDP permaneceram em um platô. Leitoas em crescimento, mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura, exigem 18,26% de PB na ração para melhor desempenho e composição de carcaça.Palavras-chave: exigência, crescimento, marrãs, estresse por calor Crude Protein Levels for Gilts from 30 to 60 kg under High Temperature Environment (31ºC)ABSTRACT -This experiment was conducted to evaluate levels of crude protein (CP) for growing gilts, under high temperature environment. The internal temperature at room was maintained at 30.7 ± 0.61°C, with relative humidity of 66.4 ± 7.7%, and the calculated black globe humidity index (BGHI) in period was of 81.1 ± 1.36. Forty crossbred gilts, with average initial weight of 29.7 ± 1.60 kg, were allotted to an experimental design of randomized blocks with five treatments (16, 17, 18, 19 and 20% CP), four replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The experimental diets were isoenergetics (3400 kcal of DE/kg) and were formulated to meet the animals requirements, except for CP. Diet and water were fed ad libitum to animals, until the end of the experimental period, when the gilts reached the average weight of 60.0 ± 1.93 kg. Average daily weight gain was not affected by the treatments. However the feed:gain ratio quadraticly improved up to level of 18.26% CP. The protein and lysine intakes increased linearly with dietary CP levels . However the lysine levels of diet did not influence the diet and digestible energy intakes. Fat...

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Feed intake, growth and protein deposition of pigs fed three protein levels

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth performance and carcass traits in Mukota pigs

Estimation of genetic parameters for growth performance and carcass traits in Mukota pigs

Differences in whole-body protein turnover between Iberian and Landrace pigs fed adequate or lysine-deficient diets1,2

Níveis de proteína bruta para leitoas dos 30 aos 60 kg mantidas em ambiente de alta temperatura (31ºC)

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