Feeding diverse prey as an excellent strategy of mixotrophic dinoflagellates for global dominance

Jeong, Hae Jin; Kang, Hee Chang; Lim, An Suk; Jang, Se Hyeon; Lee, Kitack; Lee, Sung Yeon; Ok, Jin Hee; You, Ji Hyun; Kim, Ji Hye; Lee, Kyung Ha; Park, Sang Ah; Eom, Se Hee; Yoo, Yeong Du; Kim, Kwang Young

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe4214

Cited by 67 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 64 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The dominant phototrophic protists in the seawaters used in this study, S. costatum, C. curvisetus, C. closterium, P. pungens, and T. furca, and the photosynthetic ciliate, M. rubrum, are commonly found in the seawater of many other regions (e.g., Tilstone et al, 1994;Marshall and Nesius, 1996;Zhang et al, 2015). Furthermore, they are known to often cause blooms in the study region and many other regions (e.g., Lips and Lips, 2017;Eom et al, 2021;Jeong et al, 2021). The naked ciliate Strobilidium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics in Incubated Natural Seawater: Predicting Bloom Magnitude and Timing

Jeong

You

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Phytoplankton blooms can cause imbalances in marine ecosystems leading to great economic losses in diverse industries. Better understanding and prediction of blooms one week in advance would help to prevent massive losses, especially in areas where aquaculture cages are concentrated. This study has aimed to develop a method to predict the magnitude and timing of phytoplankton blooms using nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations. We explored variations in nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations in incubated seawater collected from the coastal waters off Yeosu, South Korea, seven times between May and August 2019. Using the data from a total of seven bottle incubations, four different linear regressions for the magnitude of bloom peaks and four linear regressions for the timing were analyzed. To predict the bloom magnitude, the chlorophyll-a peak or peak-to-initial ratio was analyzed against the initial concentrations of NO3 or the ratio of the initial NO3 to chlorophyll-a. To predict the timing, the chlorophyll-a peak timing or the growth rate against the natural log of NO3 or the natural log of the ratio of the initial NO3 to chlorophyll-a was analyzed. These regressions were all significantly correlated. From these regressions, we developed the best-fit equations to predict the magnitude and timing of the bloom peak. The results from these equations led to the predicted bloom magnitude and timing values showing significant correlations with those of natural seawater in other regions. Therefore, this method can be applied to predict bloom magnitude and timing one week in advance and give aquaculture farmers time to harvest fish in cages early or move the cages to safer regions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics in Incubated Natural Seawater: Predicting Bloom Magnitude and Timing

Jeong

You

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They live in diverse environments and play diverse roles in marine food webs (reviewed by Jeong et al 2010). Although the majority of dinoflagellates are planktonic and often form blooms in the water column (Jeong et al 2015(Jeong et al , 2021a, many dinoflagellate species are benthic Morton 1998, Kim et al 2011). Some benthic dinoflagellates contain toxins, such as palytoxin, ciguatoxin, maitotoxin, gambierol, okadaic acid, cooliatoxin, and prorocentrolides (Litaker et al 2010, Holmes et al 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters

Lim¹,

Jeong²

2021

ALGAE

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates, many of which are known to be toxic, is a critical concern for scientists, government officers, and people in the aquaculture, dining, and tourism industries. The interest in these dinoflagellates in countries with temperate climate is increasing because tropical or subtropical species introduced into temperate waters by currents are able to survive the winter season in the new environment owing to global warming. Recently, several species from the benthic dinoflagellate genera Amphidinium, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Gambierdiscus, and Prorocentrum have been reported in the waters of the South and East Sea of Korea. The advent of the benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters is especially important because raw or slightly cooked seaweeds, which may harbor these benthic dinoflagellates, as well as raw fish, which can be potentially intoxicated by phytotoxins produced by some of these benthic dinoflagellates, are part of the daily Korean diet. The recent increase in temperature of Korean coastal waters has allowed for the expansion of benthic dinoflagellate species into these regions. In the present study, we reviewed the species, distribution, and toxicity of the benthic dinoflagellates that have been reported in Korean waters. We also provided an insight into the ecological and socio-economic importance of the occurrence of benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters.

show abstract

“…Their diverse ecological roles in marine ecosystems may be related to their diverse trophic modes (i.e., autotrophy, heterotrophy, kleptoplastidy, and mixotrophy) (Jeong et al, 2010b;Lim et al, 2015). In particular, mixotrophic dinoflagellates perform photosynthesis using their own plastids, whereas kleptoplastidic dinoflagellates perform photosynthesis using plastids acquired from algal prey (Mitra et al, 2016;Ward and Follows, 2016;Jeong et al, 2021). Kleptoplastidic dinoflagellates can survive for certain long periods under starvation but eventually die if they do not subsequently feed on prey, unlike mixotrophic dinoflagellates (Gast et al, 2007;Mitra et al, 2016;Ok et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions Between the Kleptoplastidic Dinoflagellate Shimiella gracilenta and Several Common Heterotrophic Protists

Park

Jeong

et al. 2021

Front. Mar. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The newly described dinoflagellate, Shimiella gracilenta, is known to survive for approximately 1 month on the plastids of ingested prey cells during starvation, indicating kleptoplastidy. To understand the population dynamics of this dinoflagellate in marine planktonic food webs, its growth and mortality rate due to predation should be assessed. Thus, we investigated the feeding occurrence of eight common heterotrophic protists on S. gracilenta. We also determined the growth and ingestion rates of Oxyrrhis marina and the naked ciliate, Rimostrombidium sp. on S. gracilenta as a function of the prey concentration. The common heterotrophic dinoflagellates (HTDs) Gyrodinium dominans, O. marina, and Pfiesteria piscicida and a naked ciliate Rimostrombidium sp. were able to feed on S. gracilenta; whereas the HTDs Aduncodinium glandula, Gyrodinium jinhaense, Oblea rotunda, and Polykrikos kofoidii were not. Shimiella gracilenta supported positive growth of O. marina and Rimostrombidium sp. but did not support that of G. dominans and P. piscicida. With increasing prey concentrations, the growth and ingestion rates of O. marina and Rimostrombidium sp. on S. gracilenta increased and became saturated. The maximum growth rates of O. marina and Rimostrombidium sp. on S. gracilenta were 0.645 and 0.903 day−1, respectively. Furthermore, the maximum ingestion rates of O. marina and Rimostrombidium sp. on S. gracilenta were 0.11 ng C predator day−1 (1.6 cells predator−1 day−1) and 35 ng C predator day−1 (500 cells predator−1 day−1), respectively. The maximum ingestion rate of O. marina on S. gracilenta was lower than that on any other algal prey reported to date, although its maximum growth rate was moderate. In conclusion, S. gracilenta had only a few common heterotrophic protist predators but could support moderate growth rates of the predators. Thus, S. gracilenta may not be a common prey species for diverse heterotrophic protists but may be a suitable prey for a few heterotrophic protists.

show abstract

Feeding diverse prey as an excellent strategy of mixotrophic dinoflagellates for global dominance

Cited by 67 publications

References 64 publications

Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics in Incubated Natural Seawater: Predicting Bloom Magnitude and Timing

Phytoplankton Bloom Dynamics in Incubated Natural Seawater: Predicting Bloom Magnitude and Timing

Benthic dinoflagellates in Korean waters

Interactions Between the Kleptoplastidic Dinoflagellate Shimiella gracilenta and Several Common Heterotrophic Protists

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About