Feeding habits of mesopelagic copepods in Sagami Bay: Insights from integrative analysis

Sano, Masayoshi; Maki, Kazuhiro; Nishibe, Yuichiro; Nagata, Toshi; Nishida, Shuhei

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2013.01.004

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…A surprising variety of mesopelagic consumers prey upon microzooplankton ranging from copepods (Sano et al, 2013), myctophid fishes (Conley and Hopkins, 2004), large tunicates (Hopcroft and Robinson, 1999) to midwater polychaetes (Uttal and Buck, 1996). Close interactions between metazoan consumers and microzooplankton have been proposed as "gardening by metazoans" through fragmenting detrital particles, promoting microbial populations (Mayor et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of heterotrophic protists of the mesopelagic Mediterranean Sea

Dolan

Ciobanu

Marro

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Is there a mesopelagic protist fauna composed of species different from that of the overlying surface community? Does the mesopelagic community show seasonal changes in abundances and species composition? We addressed these questions by considering three distinct groups in which species identification is relatively unambiguous: tintinnid ciliates, phaeodarian radiolarians, and amphisolenid dinoflagellates. We sampled weekly at 250 m and 30 m depth from January to June a deep-water coastal site characterized by seasonal changes in water column structure; notably, in winter the mixed layer extends down into mesopelagic depths. We found a deep-water community of tintinnid ciliates comprised of forms apparently restricted to deep waters and species also found in the surface layer. This latter group was dominant during the winter mixis period when tintinnid concentrations were highest and subsequently declined with water column stratification. Phaeodarian radiolarians and the amphisolenid dinoflagellates were regularly found in deep samples but were largely absent from surface water samples and showed distinct patterns in the mesopelagic. Phaeodarian radiolarians declined with water column mixing and then increased in concentration with water column stratification whilst amphisolenid dinoflagellates concentrations showed no pattern but species composition varied. We conclude that for all three protists groups there appear to be both distinct mesopelagic forms and seasonal patterns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An exploratory study of heterotrophic protists of the mesopelagic Mediterranean Sea

Dolan

Ciobanu

Marro

et al. 2017

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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“…1a) and Un deuchaeta major (Fig. 1b), which were also similar in body size and general body shape, showed marked differences, not only in the nitrogen stable-isotope ratios, but also in other feeding-related features, suggesting carnivory for U. major in contrast to the marine-snow feeding of C. streetsii (Sano et al 2013). This finding urged reconsideration of previously held beliefs that Aetideidae species, one of the largest families of the Calanoida and encompassing ~180 species distributed in mainly the meso-and bathypelagic zones, are essentially mixed feeders without any apparent food selectivity (Boxshall & Halsey 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…However, the mechanisms generating and maintaining such a diversity pattern are still not fully understood. While recent studies have suggested vertical habitat partitioning and food niche partitioning as important mechanisms for the co-existence of copepods in the mesopelagic zone (Kuriyama & Nishida 2006, Laakmann et al 2009, Matsuura et al 2010, Sano et al 2013, little is known about the temporal changes in the food-web structure and the relationships among species in the mesopelagic zone. Exceptions are a few studies that investigated the feeding habits of mesopelagic copepods throughout the year, which highlighted a seasonal change of food composition of the targeted species (Gowing & Wishner 1998, Schnetzer & Steinberg 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sano et al (2013) examined food source differences in 2 such pairs of species during a spring-bloom season. They compared the scolecitrichids Scottocalanus helenae and Scottocalanus securi frons, which had a similar vertical distribution and body size, and found significant differences in nitrogen stable-isotope ratios, but no differences in other feeding-related features, such as gut contents, as indicated by microscopic and elemental analyses and by morphology of the feeding appendages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Until recently, most deep-sea copepods have been considered to be either omnivorous or carnivorous because of limited data in the feeding analysis of deep-sea copepods (Sano et al 2013). To investigate the detailed feeding habits of deep-sea copepods, a multidisciplinary, integrative approach is recommended (Kosobokova et al 2002, Laakmann et al 2009, Sano et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temporally sustained dietary niche partitioning in two mesopelagic copepod species and their mouthpart morphology

Sano¹,

Nishibe²,

Tanaka³

et al. 2015

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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We compared seasonal feeding habit patterns, mouthpart structures, body sizes and vertical distributions of the aetideid copepods Undeuchaeta major and Chirundina streetsii in Sagami Bay, Japan. We focused on niche partitioning as one of the mechanisms sustaining coexistence of these mesopelagic copepods, by integrative application of stable-isotope analysis, microscopic observation and elemental analysis of the gut contents. While the body sizes and vertical distribution of both species were similar, they showed marked differences in their feeding habits throughout the year, i.e. carnivory in U. major and omnivory in C. streetsii, suggesting that food niche partitioning was a mechanism enabling their co-existence. Of particular interest was the consistently lower δ 15 N values in U. major, attributable to its selective feeding on oncaeid copepods. Previous reports of low δ 15 N in oncaeids, whose major food source has been assumed to be nanoplankton attached to appendicularian houses, suggest that the size of the primary producer is important in δ 15 N analyses of pelagic food webs. Comparison of mouthparts of the 2 species indicated slight differences in the maxilliped morphology. The relationship between feeding habit and maxilliped morphology was examined for the species above, other omnivorous aetideids and the Euchaetidae, a carnivorous sister family of the Aetideidae. The results suggest that carnivores have a broad basis and long unguiform setae, while omnivores have a narrower basis and shorter, more slender setae. The feeding habits of Aetideidae, which have so far been considered as exclusively omnivorous, comprise omnivory and carnivory, and can be distinguished by their maxilliped morphology.

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Microbial gardening in the ocean's twilight zone: Detritivorous metazoans benefit from fragmenting, rather than ingesting, sinking detritus

et al. 2014

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Sinking organic particles transfer ∼10 gigatonnes of carbon into the deep ocean each year, keeping the atmospheric CO2 concentration significantly lower than would otherwise be the case. The exact size of this effect is strongly influenced by biological activity in the ocean's twilight zone (∼50–1,000 m beneath the surface). Recent work suggests that the resident zooplankton fragment, rather than ingest, the majority of encountered organic particles, thereby stimulating bacterial proliferation and the deep-ocean microbial food web. Here we speculate that this apparently counterintuitive behaviour is an example of ‘microbial gardening’, a strategy that exploits the enzymatic and biosynthetic capabilities of microorganisms to facilitate the ‘gardener's’ access to a suite of otherwise unavailable compounds that are essential for metazoan life. We demonstrate the potential gains that zooplankton stand to make from microbial gardening using a simple steady state model, and we suggest avenues for future research.

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Feeding habits of mesopelagic copepods in Sagami Bay: Insights from integrative analysis

Cited by 39 publications

References 60 publications

An exploratory study of heterotrophic protists of the mesopelagic Mediterranean Sea

An exploratory study of heterotrophic protists of the mesopelagic Mediterranean Sea

Temporally sustained dietary niche partitioning in two mesopelagic copepod species and their mouthpart morphology

Microbial gardening in the ocean's twilight zone: Detritivorous metazoans benefit from fragmenting, rather than ingesting, sinking detritus

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