Feeding long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during gestation increases intestinal glucose absorption potentially via the acute activation of AMPK

Gabler, Nicholas K.; Radcliffe, J. S.; Spencer, J. D.; Webel, D. M.; Spurlock, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2007.11.009

Cited by 56 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Both pre-and postnatal exposure to higher EPA and DHA levels may be important to enhance postnatal growth performance. Indeed, Gabler et al (2009) showed that ex-vivo glucose uptake in the jejunum of pigs at weaning was substantially increased when sows were fed with n-3 LCPUFA during only gestation, only lactation or both: although n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in gestation seemed more important in this effect than n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during lactation, the best result was seen when feeding n-3 LCPUFA during both gestation and lactation, as was the case in the present study. An increase in glucose uptake could result in higher growth rates, and this is one of the mechanisms by which n-3 LCPUFA supplementation to sows could affect offspring growth rates.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effects of dietary enrichment with a marine oil-based n-3 LCPUFA supplement in sows with predicted birth weight phenotypes on growth performance and carcass quality of offspring

Smit

Spencer

Patterson

et al. 2015

Animal

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Effects of a marine oil-based n-3 LCPUFA supplement (mLCPUFA) fed from weaning until the end of the next lactation to sows with a predicted low litter birth weight (LBW) phenotype on growth performance and carcass quality of litters born to these sows were studied, based on the hypothesis that LBW litters would benefit most from mLCPUFA supplementation. Sows were allocated to be fed either standard corn/soybean meal-based gestation and lactation diets (CON), or the same diets enriched with 0.5% of the mLCPUFA supplement at the expense of corn. The growth performance from birth until slaughter of the litters with the lowest average birth weight in each treatment (n = 24 per treatment) is reported in this paper. At weaning, each litter was split between two nursery pens with three to six pigs per pen. At the end of the 5-week nursery period, two barrows and two gilts from each litter that had individual birth weights closest to their litter average birth weight, were moved to experimental grow-finish pens (barn A), where they were housed as two pigs per pen, sorted by sex within litter. Remaining pigs in each litter were moved to another grow-finish barn (barn B) and kept in mixed-sex pens of up to 10 littermates. After 8 weeks, one of the two pigs in each pen in barn A was relocated to the pens holding their respective littermates in barn B. The remaining barrows and gilts were individually housed in the pens in barn A until slaughter. Maternal mLCPUFA supplementation increased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration in the brain, liver and Semitendinosus muscle of stillborn pigs ( P < 0.01), did not affect eicosapentaenoic acid and DHA concentrations in sow serum at the end of lactation, and did not affect average daily gain, average daily feed intake or feed utilization efficiency of the offspring. BW was higher ( P < 0.01) in the second half of the grow-finish phase in pigs from mLCPUFA sows compared with controls in barn A, where space and competition for feed was minimal, but not barn B. Carcass quality was not affected by treatment for pigs from barn A, but maternal mLCPUFA supplementation negatively affected carcass quality in pigs from barn B. Collectively, these results suggest that nutritional supplementation of sows can have lasting effects on litter development, but that feeding mLCPUFA to sows during gestation and lactation was not effective in improving growth rates or carcass quality of LBW litters.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Effects of dietary enrichment with a marine oil-based n-3 LCPUFA supplement in sows with predicted birth weight phenotypes on growth performance and carcass quality of offspring

Smit

Spencer

Patterson

et al. 2015

Animal

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“…Overall, therefore, piglets can benefit from n-3 LCPUFA supplementation to the sow in two ways; (1) prenatally, when developing embryos have access to DHA, and (2) postnatally, when litters consume colostrum and milk containing elevated concentrations of EPA and DHA. The growth of pigs that receive n-3 LCPUFAs only in gestation (through the placenta), or lactation (through milk), or both might, therefore, differ, although Gabler et al (2009) reported increased ex vivo active glucose uptake by the proximal jejunum of 21-day old pigs from sows fed n-3 LCPUFA supplements during gestation, during lactation or both. Moreover, Rooke et al (2001c) reported that when sows were only fed with n-3 LCPUFAs from salmon oil during the last part of gestation, piglets still grew faster after birth.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses to n-3 fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of gestating gilts, and lactating and weaned sows

Smit

Patterson

Webel

et al. 2013

Animal

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Feeding n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) to gilts or sows has shown different responses to litter growth, pre-weaning mortality and subsequent reproductive performance of the sow. Two hypotheses were tested: (1) that feeding a marine oil-based supplement rich in protected n-3 LCPUFAs to gilts in established gestation would improve the growth performance of their litters; and (2) that continued feeding of the supplement during lactation and after weaning would offset the negative effects of lactational catabolism induced, using an established experimental model involving feed restriction of lactating primiparous sows. A total of 117 primiparous sows were pair-matched at day 60 of gestation by weight, and when possible, litter of origin, and were allocated to be either control sows (CON) fed standard gestation and lactation diets, or treated sows (LCPUFA) fed the standard diets supplemented with 84 g/day of a n-3 LCPUFA rich supplement, from day 60 of first gestation, through a 21-day lactation, and until euthanasia at day 30 of their second gestation. All sows were feed restricted during the last 7 days of lactation to induce catabolism, providing a background challenge against which to determine beneficial effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on subsequent reproduction. In the absence of an effect on litter size or birth weight, n-3 LCPUFA tended to improve piglet BW gain from birth until 34 days after weaning ( P 5 0.06), while increasing pre-weaning mortality ( P 5 0.05). It did not affect energy utilization by the sow during lactation, thus not improving the catabolic state of the sows. Supplementation from weaning until day 30 of second gestation did not have an effect on embryonic weight, ovulation rate or early embryonic survival, but did increase corpora lutea (CL) weight ( P 5 0.001). Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were increased in sow serum and CL ( P , 0.001), whereas only DHA levels increased in embryos ( P , 0.01). In conclusion, feeding n-3 LCPUFA to gilts tended to improve litter growth, but did not have an effect on overall subsequent reproductive performance.

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“…This metabolic switch may reduce the accumulation of toxic fatty acid derivatives, while protecting the insulin signalling in liver and muscle (9,13,24,30,35) . Part of the metabolic effects of n-3 LC PUFA in the liver (36) , and possibly also in other tissues (24,37) (also, see later), is mediated by the stimulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic sensor controlling intracellular metabolic fluxes, i.e. the partitioning between lipid oxidation and lipogenesis (for review, see Flachs et al (23) and Carling (38) ).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

n-3 PUFA: bioavailability and modulation of adipose tissue function

et al. 2009

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Adipose tissue has a key role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and other disorders. Systemic insulin resistance represents a major factor contributing to the development of MS in obesity. The resistance is precipitated by impaired adipose tissue glucose and lipid metabolism, linked to a low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue and secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines. Development of MS could be delayed by lifestyle modifications, while both dietary and pharmacological interventions are required for the successful therapy of MS. The n-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA, EPA and DHA, which are abundant in marine fish, act as hypolipidaemic factors, reduce cardiac events and decrease the progression of atherosclerosis. Thus, n-3 LC PUFA represent healthy constituents of diets for patients with MS. In rodents n-3 LC PUFA prevent the development of obesity and impaired glucose tolerance. The effects of n-3 LC PUFA are mediated transcriptionally by AMP-activated protein kinase and by other mechanisms. n-3 LC PUFA activate a metabolic switch toward lipid catabolism and suppression of lipogenesis, i.e. in the liver, adipose tissue and small intestine. This metabolic switch improves dyslipidaemia and reduces ectopic deposition of lipids, resulting in improved insulin signalling. Despite a relatively low accumulation of n-3 LC PUFA in adipose tissue lipids, adipose tissue is specifically linked to the beneficial effects of n-3 LC PUFA, as indicated by (1) the prevention of adipose tissue hyperplasia and hypertrophy, (2) the induction of mitochondrial biogenesis in adipocytes, (3) the induction of adiponectin and (4) the amelioration of adipose tissue inflammation by n-3 LC PUFA.

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Feeding long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids during gestation increases intestinal glucose absorption potentially via the acute activation of AMPK

Cited by 56 publications

References 15 publications

Effects of dietary enrichment with a marine oil-based n-3 LCPUFA supplement in sows with predicted birth weight phenotypes on growth performance and carcass quality of offspring

Effects of dietary enrichment with a marine oil-based n-3 LCPUFA supplement in sows with predicted birth weight phenotypes on growth performance and carcass quality of offspring

Responses to n-3 fatty acid (LCPUFA) supplementation of gestating gilts, and lactating and weaned sows

n-3 PUFA: bioavailability and modulation of adipose tissue function

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