Feeding Tomato and Broccoli Powders Enriched with Bioactives Improves Bioactivity Markers in Rats

Abstract

Many studies have evaluated the cancer -preventive potential of individual bioactives from tomatoes and broccoli, but few have examined them within the context of a whole food. Male Copenhagen rats were fed diets containing 10% standard tomato powder, tomato enriched with lycopene or total carotenoids, standard broccoli floret, broccoli sprouts, or broccoli enriched with indole glucosinolates or selenium for 7 days. All broccoli diets increased the activity of colon quinone reductase (NQO1). Indole glucosinolate-enriched broccoli and selenium-enriched broccoli increased hepatic NQO1 and cytochrome P450 1A activity (P < 0.05). Standard broccoli and lycopene-enriched tomato diets down-regulated prostatic glutathione S-transferase P1 mRNA expression. Different tomato diets resulted in altered hepatic accumulation of lycopene, phytofluene, and phytoene. These results demonstrate that the bioactive content of vegetables affects both tissue content of bioactives and activity of detoxification enzymes. Enhancing bioactive content of tomatoes and broccoli may enhance efficacy in the prevention of prostate cancer.

Dietary Broccoli Sprouts Protect Against Myocardial Oxidative Damage and Cell Death During Ischemia-Reperfusion

“…A greater responsiveness of liver over heart may be because of the specialization of liver for detoxification and because it receives the bulk of unmetabolized postprandial agents. The current results in liver agree with a recent study showing an increase in QR in liver and colon after feeding broccoli sprouts to rats for 7 days [12]. Heart would be expected to encounter a much lower level of sulforaphane from dietary sources and so may need a longer period of treatment to give significant induction of phase 2 enzymes.…”

“…Broccoli sprouts are among the richest sources of glucoraphanin, the glucosinolate precursor of the isothiocyanate sulforaphane, containing 10 to 100 times more glucoraphanin than mature broccoli [11]. Unlike mature broccoli however, broccoli sprouts contain very little indole glucosinolates [11][12][13].…”

A comprehensive review on the colorless carotenoids phytoene and phytofluene

“…The animals supplementation with a third type of powder with a higher total carotenoid content with significantly more phytoene and phytofluene but not enhanced lycopene accumulated significantly more hepatic colorless carotenoids but the same quantity of lycopene relative to the standard powder-fed rats. The analysis of the results seem to indicate that there may be interaction between the three carotenoids in the processes related to their bioavailability [122]. The effect of supplementing the diet of male Sprague-Dawley with a tomato extract on high-fat-diet related liver inflammation, lipid profiles and carcinogenesis has been recently studied.…”

Phytochemicals: Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as Potential Chemotherapeutic Agents

“…Though herbs are relatively safe to use, their combined use with orthodox drugs should be done with extreme caution. Concomitant use of conventional and herbal medicines is reported to lead to clinically relevant herb-drug interactions (Liu et al, 2009). The two may interact either pharmacokinetically or pharmacodynamically resulting into adverse herbal-drug interactions (Izzo, 2005).…”