Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Tarkosova, D.; Story, M.; Rand, J. S.; Svoboda, Martin

doi:10.17221/145/2015-vetmed

Cited by 37 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…Surprisingly, our cats had similar body composition regardless of dietary treatment and had a normal body condition score. As recently reviewed, the prevalence of obesity is increasing with age (5–10 years of age), and identified that neuter status (neutered) was a major risk factor in developing obesity (Tarkosova et al, 2016 ). The impact of diet on obesity is more complicated with some studies showing increased risks associated with kibble diets (Scarlett et al, 1994 ; Rowe et al, 2015 ) and others with canned diets (Russell et al, 2000 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fecal Microbiota in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Is Influenced by Interactions Between Age and Diet; A Five Year Longitudinal Study

et al. 2018

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In humans, aging is associated with changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota; these changes may contribute to the age-related increase in incidence of many chronic diseases, including Type 2 diabetes. The life expectancies of cats are increasing, and they are also exhibiting the same types of diseases. While there are some studies investigating the impacts of diets on gastrointestinal microbiota in young cats, the impacts of aging in older cats has not been explored. We followed a cohort of related kittens, maintained on two commercial diets (kibbled and canned) from weaning (8 weeks) to 5 years of age (260 weeks). We hypothesized that the long-term feeding of specific diet formats would (a) lead to microbial composition changes due to aging, (b) impact body composition, and (c) affect insulin sensitivity in the aging cat. We observed that both diet and age affected fecal microbial composition, and while age correlated with changes in body composition, diet had no effect on body composition. Similarly insulin sensitivity was not affected by age nor diet. 16S rRNA sequencing found unclassified Peptostreptococcaceae were prominent across all ages averaging 21.3% of gene sequence reads and were higher in cats fed canned diets (average of 25.7% of gene sequence reads, vs. 17.0% for kibble-fed cats). Age-related effects on body composition and insulin sensitivity may become apparent as the cats grow older; this study will continue to assess these parameters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Fecal Microbiota in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Is Influenced by Interactions Between Age and Diet; A Five Year Longitudinal Study

et al. 2018

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“…Estimates suggest 12-63% of pet cats are overweight or obese [2,[142][143][144][145][146][147]. Feline obesity is associated with multiple comorbidities, most notably diabetes mellitus and hepatic lipidosis [143,[148][149][150][151][152][153].…”

Section: Feline Obesity and Associated Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Basis of Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases in Humans and Companion Animals

Wallis

Raffan

2020

Preprint

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Obesity is one of the most prevalent health conditions in humans and companion animals across the world. Obesity is associated with multiple health conditions across species including premature mortality. It is therefore of importance across the fields of medicine and veterinary medicine. The regulation of body weight is a homeostatic process vulnerable to disruption by genetic and environmental factors. It is well established that the heritability of obesity is high in humans and laboratory animals, with ample evidence that the same is true in companion animals. In this review, we provide an overview of how genes link to obesity in humans, drawing on a wealth of information from laboratory animal models, and summarising the mechanisms by which obesity causes related disease. Throughout, we focus on how large-scale human studies and niche investigations of rare mutations in severely affected patients have improved our understanding of obesity biology and can inform our ability to interpret results of animal studies. For dogs, cats and horses, we review the similarities in obesity pathophysiology to humans and review those genetic studies that have been done to investigate them. Finally, we discuss how veterinary genetics may learn from humans about studying precise, nuanced phenotypes and implementing large-scale studies, but also how veterinary studies may be able to look past clinical findings to mechanistic ones and demonstrate translational benefits to human research.

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“…The body condition score is assessed by making a visual analysis of the animal's silhouette and by palpating some specific regions in their bodies [6,14]. The fat percentage evaluation uses two body measures to predict the fat content [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biometric Measures, Body Score and Body Mass Index Evaluation in Wild Coatis (Nasua Nasua) Living in the South-Central Region of São Paulo State, Brazil

Ferro

Hippólito

Castiglioni

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Coatis (Nasua nasua) have easy interaction with man, besides being sociable and curious animals. The proximity to urbanized areas encourages them to intake food from anthropogenic sources, and it can change their eating habits and make them prone to obesity. The body condition evaluates the animals' energetic status and measures variations in their body fat reserves. There are direct-invasive methods and indirect methods that rely on size and body mass to evaluate the body condition, like body condition score and body mass index. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess different methods to determine the body condition of wild coatis (Nasua nasua) living in urban areas. Materials, Methods & Results:Sixteen wild coatis (Nasua nasua), nine females and seven males, were captured at Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ) of São Paulo State University, Botucatu, in pitfalls. The animals were anesthetized with ketamine and midazolam and subjected to biometric evaluation after physical exams proved normal. The following variables were analyzed: body weight, body condition score (BCS) based on the five-point scale for dogs, thoracic and abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus. Two body mass index (BMI) were calculated from these data, one was based on dogs (BMI1) and another one on cats (BMI2), as well as the body fat percentage (%BF). Results showed that 25% of the assessed coatis were overweight. Body weight, thoracic and abdominal circumference, height at the withers, spine length and distance from the patella to the calcaneus were significantly higher in males than in females and the other assessed parameters did not present differences between sexes. The correlation between fat percentage and body weight was significant, and that between fat percentage and BCS was not. There was closer correlation between BMI2 and body weight, and BCS, than between BMI1 and these two parameters. Discussion: Anthropogenic interactions could change the body condition of these animals and make them prone to obesity, since their body condition scores were altered. With regard to the nutritional body condition, although males were bigger than females, the measures did not show significant differences between them. Results of this parameter varied in different studies with coatis, some studies have shown that males have body mass 1/3 higher than that of females and others have not recorded any difference between sexes. Fat percentage estimated through the metrics used in cats is not a good method when it is applied alone in body condition evaluations. A study that has correlated body mass, body condition score, body fat estimates, body mass index and abdominal circumference recorded positive results between these two evaluation methods. Such finding corroborated with the present study, but it was differed from it in abdominal circumference, which did not correlate to the two body mass indices and to body fat percentage. Therefore, it ...

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Feline obesity - prevalence, risk factors, pathogenesis, associated conditions and assessment: a review

Cited by 37 publications

References 82 publications

The Fecal Microbiota in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Is Influenced by Interactions Between Age and Diet; A Five Year Longitudinal Study

The Fecal Microbiota in the Domestic Cat (Felis catus) Is Influenced by Interactions Between Age and Diet; A Five Year Longitudinal Study

The Genetic Basis of Obesity and Related Metabolic Diseases in Humans and Companion Animals

Biometric Measures, Body Score and Body Mass Index Evaluation in Wild Coatis (Nasua Nasua) Living in the South-Central Region of São Paulo State, Brazil

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