Female mate choice determines reproductive isolation between sympatric butterflies

Friberg, Magne; Vongvanich, Namphung; Borg‐Karlson, Anna Karin; Kemp, Darrell J.; Merilaita, Sami; Wiklund, Christer

doi:10.1007/s00265-007-0511-2

Cited by 60 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It has been shown that, besides differences in the genitalia, behavioural aspects related to mate choice maintain reproductive isolation between L. sinapis and L. reali sensu lato 17,18 . Previous data on the biology and ecology of L. reali sensu lato, as well as our view of the speciation processes undergone by Leptidea, need to be extensively revised in light of these results [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]29 . Our observations revealed that both L. reali and L. juvernica stat.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, much attention has been paid to behavioural and ecological aspects of the species pair L. sinapis − L. reali, to the point that they have become a model for studying speciation in cryptic species. Such studies revealed that: a premating reproductive barrier exists (females only accept conspecific males) 17,18 ; the two species display only limited ecological differentiation (larval food plant preference and performance) 17,19 ; niche separation between the two species (forests or meadows) is not caused by fixed betweenspecies differences 20 ; differences in phenology and voltinism are mostly the result of environmentally induced pleiotropic effects 21 ; larval diapause is determined by information from the host plant 22 ; and behavioural polyphenism has been documented in female propensity to mate 23 .In this paper, we integrate molecular (mitochondrial and nuclear DNA markers), cytological (chromosome number) and morphological data (male genitalia morphometry) to study the species pair L. sinapis − L. reali. We found an unexpected pattern showing that L. reali actually comprises two synmorphic, yet genetically and karyotypically distinct, groups, with the new cryptic entity being sister to L. sinapis + L. reali, producing what may be called nested cryptic species.…”

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Unexpected layers of cryptic diversity in wood white Leptidea butterflies

et al. 2011

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uncovering cryptic biodiversity is essential for understanding evolutionary processes and patterns of ecosystem functioning, as well as for nature conservation. As European butterflies are arguably the best-studied group of invertebrates in the world, the discovery of a cryptic species, twenty years ago, within the common wood white Leptidea sinapis was a significant event, and these butterflies have become a model to study speciation. Here we show that the so-called 'sibling' Leptidea actually consist of three species. The new species can be discriminated on the basis of either DnA or karyological data. such an unexpected discovery challenges our current knowledge on biodiversity, exemplifying how a widespread species can remain unnoticed even within an intensely studied natural model system for speciation. G iven the global biodiversity crisis [1][2][3] , cataloguing the earth's species has become a race against time. Several studies have highlighted the presence and importance of cryptic biodiversity, which might represent a substantial proportion of Earth's natural capital. An estimate of cryptic species diversity is important to better understand evolutionary processes and patterns of ecosystem functioning, while also having deep implications for nature conservation 4,5 . The recent increase in the number of reported cryptic species is, in large part, owing to an increasing amount of studies incorporating DNA-based techniques, including large-scale approaches such as DNA barcoding 6 , which often provide resolution beyond the boundaries of morphological information. However, documenting cryptic diversity based on DNA data alone is generally not sufficient, prompting calls for integrative morphological, ecological and molecular approaches 7,8 . Recent estimates on the distribution of cryptic diversity are contradictory, and are based on a thin empirical foundation 4,9 . In any case, it is to be expected that the highest number of yet-to-be-discovered cryptic species is concentrated in the most biodiverse and least explored regions of our planet (that is, tropical areas). In temperate regions such as Europe, it is assumed that the level of unrecognized diversity is low, not only because of lower species richness, but also because taxonomic research has been intense for many groups of organisms. Such a case is represented by butterflies, probably the best-studied group of invertebrates, which have become a flagship for insect conservation efforts in Europe 10,11 .The discovery of a new European species of wood white (Leptidea sp.) at the end of the twentieth century was an important event in butterfly systematics. Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758), a common butterfly with Palaearctic distribution was found to 'hide' a cryptic species, Leptidea reali (Reissinger, 1989) 12,13 . After the two species were shown to be separable based on their genitalia-but not on their wing morphology 13 -several studies revealed that L. reali is often sympatric with L. sinapis and that its distribution is almost as wide as that ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

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Unexpected layers of cryptic diversity in wood white Leptidea butterflies

et al. 2011

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“…After field and experimental research, evidence has accumulated that L. sinapis, L. reali and L. juvernica are very similar not only in morphological features but also in ecology and behaviour of adults, in developmental and reproductive phenology, and in the range of exploitable larval food plants (Freese & Fiedler 2002, 2004Friberg et al 2008aFriberg et al , 2008bFriberg et al , 2008cFriberg & Wiklund 2009). As a consequence, other factors have been suspected to better explain and/or control how sympatric species coexist or segregate in an area.…”

Section: Climatic Niche Separation Between Leptidea Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No or negligible overlaps were found in the length of the aedeagus and in the length of the ductus bursae, confirming these two parameters as the most reliable in identifying males and females respectively (e.g., Freese & Fiedler 2002). Nevertheless, species identity is expected to remain uncertain for a few specimens, as happened in our study, for different reasons: besides anomalous individual conditions, artefacts may occur as an effect of the preservation history of the specimens, or of their dissection and mounting; moreover, intermediate sizes of copulatory organs have been also explained by hybridization between species (Verovnik & Glocovčan 2007), but genetic analyses and courtship experiments suggest that hybrids are at most very rare between L. sinapis and L. juvernica, because of behavioural and biochemical pre-zygotic barriers (Freese & Fiedler 2002;Friberg et al 2008c;Dincă et al 2013). …”

Section: Morphometric Differences Between Leptidea Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial separation of climatic niche between two cryptic species ofLeptidea(Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Alpine–Adriatic region

Gallo

Beretta

Salogni

et al. 2015

Italian Journal of Zoology

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Many cryptic species have been recently recognized in the European butterfly fauna, and climatic determinants have been investigated to explain the usually parapatric distribution of these species. Cryptic species of Leptidea, however, are often sympatric throughout Europe, with variable ecological interactions and segregation patterns. Focusing on the highly diverse landscape between the Alps and the Adriatic Sea, we evaluated the climatic and geomorphological correlates of the fine distribution of L. sinapis and L. juvernica, by means of discriminant analysis on 151 sites in a representative region. In addition to reliable records selected from collections and from the literature, we identified 104 specimens from 89 sites by analysing the morphometric variation of male and female genitalia and filtering for consistency between all alternative identification methods hitherto developed for this species complex. We found that L. sinapis is widespread from the coastal plain to the inner mountains, up to 1800 m above sea level (a.s.l.), whereas L. juvernica is restricted to the mountainous areas, inhabiting also the bottom of pre-alpine valleys, as low as 200 m a.s.l. Despite that the two species are often syntopic, L. juvernica is more frequent in areas with more intense rainfall and steeper slopes, whereas L. sinapis may occur in a broader range of conditions, also in warmer sites with a wider temperature range.

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Quantified reproductive isolation inHeliconiusbutterflies: Implications for introgression and hybrid speciation

Garzón‐Orduña

Brower

2017

Ecology and Evolution

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Heliconius butterflies have become a model for the study of speciation with gene flow. For adaptive introgression to take place, there must be incomplete barriers to gene exchange that allow interspecific hybridization and multiple generations of backcrossing. The recent publication of estimates of individual components of reproductive isolation between several species of butterflies in the Heliconius melpomene–H. cydno clade allowed us to calculate total reproductive isolation estimates for these species. According to these estimates, the butterflies are not as promiscuous as has been implied. Differences between species are maintained by intrinsic mechanisms, while reproductive isolation of geographical races within species is mainly due to allopatry. We discuss the implications of this strong isolation for basic aspects of the hybrid speciation with introgression hypothesis.

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Female mate choice determines reproductive isolation between sympatric butterflies

Cited by 60 publications

References 35 publications

Unexpected layers of cryptic diversity in wood white Leptidea butterflies

Unexpected layers of cryptic diversity in wood white Leptidea butterflies

Partial separation of climatic niche between two cryptic species ofLeptidea(Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in the Alpine–Adriatic region

Quantified reproductive isolation inHeliconiusbutterflies: Implications for introgression and hybrid speciation

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