Fencing and mowing as effective methods for reducing tick abundance on very small, infested plots

Fabbro, Simone Del

doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.11.009

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…At RSC Bundek only seven specimens of ticks were collected during two-year period and all three habitats on which they were collected included tree coverage to some extent (Table 3.). The main reasons for such a small number of ticks at RSC Bundek is, most presumably very good vegetation management (mowing once a week) along with an absence of tick's natural hosts, while Bundek, as a recreational site is in highly urban area (43) surrounded by heavy traffic roads and residential buildings. Unfortunately, there is a lack of information about small rodent populations at these three sites, while no continuous monitoring is being conducted.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Hard Ticks at Urban Recreational Sites in the City of Zagreb from 2016 to 2018

Vucelja

Bjedov²,

Boljfetić

et al. 2020

Infektol. glas. (Online)

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As tick-borne disease incidence and distribution is increasing worldwide, there is a true need for better understanding of the distributional ecology of their vectors. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of hard ticks fauna (Acari: Ixodidae) and their seasonal dynamics in different habitats at three urban recreational sites in Croatia’s capital, the City of Zagreb, known as the natural foci of Lyme borreliosis and tick borne encephalitis. Within a three-year period (2016 - 2018), the only species detected was Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus, 1758. Using flag dragging method 506 ticks were sampled; 273 (54%) in their nymphal stage, 166 (33%) as larvae and 64 (13%) as adults. The highest abundance of ticks was recorded at forest habitat. Seasonal activity showed their peaks at midspring and midsummer. Continuous monitoring of hard tick population in urban areas should and could become a standard method of tick-borne diseases prevention.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Hard Ticks at Urban Recreational Sites in the City of Zagreb from 2016 to 2018

Vucelja

Bjedov²,

Boljfetić

et al. 2020

Infektol. glas. (Online)

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“…Lower tick abundance in parks, in comparison to forests, could be explained by maintenance practice (direct anthropopressure), mowing and isolation from relatively large hosts (such as ruminants) through fencing [ 49 – 51 ]. Mowing restrains the forming of optimal vegetation structure (providing optimal microclimate) for ticks, while fencing limits access of large mammals, hosts for adult females, affecting tick reproduction [ 40 , 50 – 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ticks and the city - are there any differences between city parks and natural forests in terms of tick abundance and prevalence of spirochaetes?

et al. 2017

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Background Ixodes ricinus ticks are commonly encountered in either natural or urban areas, contributing to Lyme disease agents Borreliella [(Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato)] spp. and Borrelia miyamotoi enzootic cycles in cities. It is an actual problem whether urbanization affects pathogen circulation and therefore risk of infection. The aim of the study was to evaluate main tick-borne disease risk factors in natural, endemic areas of north-east (NE) Poland (Białowieża) and urban areas of central Poland (Warsaw), measuring tick abundance/density, prevalence of infection with spirochaetes and diversity of these pathogens in spring-early summer and late summer-autumn periods between 2012 and 2015.MethodsQuesting I. ricinus ticks were collected from three urban sites in Warsaw, central Poland and three natural sites in Białowieża, NE Poland. A total of 2993 ticks were analyzed for the presence of Borreliella spp. and/or Borrelia miyamotoi DNA by PCR. Tick abundance was analyzed by General Linear Models (GLM). Prevalence and distribution of spirochaetes was analyzed by Maximum Likelihood techniques based on log-linear analysis of contingency tables (HILOGLINEAR). Species typing and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the sequenced flaB marker were carried out.ResultsOverall 4617 I. ricinus ticks were collected (2258 nymphs and 2359 adults). We report well established population of ticks in urban areas (10.1 ± 0.9 ticks/100 m2), as in endemic natural areas with higher mean tick abundance (16.5 ± 1.5 ticks/100 m2). Tick densities were the highest in spring-early summer in both types of areas. We observed no effect of the type of area on Borreliella spp. and B. miyamotoi presence in ticks, resulting in similar prevalence of spirochaetes in urban and natural areas [10.9% (95% CI: 9.7–12.2%) vs 12.4% (95% CI: 10.1–15.1%), respectively]. Prevalence of spirochaetes was significantly higher in the summer-autumn period than in the spring-early summer [15.0% (95% CI: 12.8–17.5%) vs 10.4% (95% CI: 9.2–11.6%), respectively]. We have detected six species of bacteria present in both types of areas, with different frequencies: dominance of B. afzelii (69.3%) in urban and B. garinii (48.1%) in natural areas. Although we observed higher tick densities in forests than in maintained parks, the prevalence of spirochaetes was significantly higher in the latter [9.8% (95% CI: 8.6–11.0%) vs 17.5% (95% CI: 14.4–20.5%)].ConclusionsSurprisingly, a similar risk of infection with Borreliella spp. and/or B. miyamotoi was discovered in highly- and low-transformed areas. We suggest that the awareness of presence of these disease agents in cities should be raised.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-017-2391-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…79,80 Likely more palatable is exclusion through use of fencing, a technique that has been demonstrated to markedly reduce tick populations within large and small (<1 ha) fenced areas. [81][82][83] Although the perception of reduced environmental impact with fencing might be attractive when compared with other options, the cost of purchasing, installing, and maintaining fencing can be substantial. 61 Dogs can acquire Lyme disease but are not known to act as reservoirs and cannot directly transmit infection to humans.…”

Section: Management Of Tick Hosts Including Reservoirsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Prevent Tick Bites and Lyme Disease

Ogden

Lindsay

Schofield

2015

Clinics in Laboratory Medicine

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Fencing and mowing as effective methods for reducing tick abundance on very small, infested plots

Cited by 12 publications

References 20 publications

Monitoring of Hard Ticks at Urban Recreational Sites in the City of Zagreb from 2016 to 2018

Monitoring of Hard Ticks at Urban Recreational Sites in the City of Zagreb from 2016 to 2018

Ticks and the city - are there any differences between city parks and natural forests in terms of tick abundance and prevalence of spirochaetes?

Methods to Prevent Tick Bites and Lyme Disease

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