Fermentation Capacity as a Measure of Net Growth of Rumen Microorganisms

El-Shazly, K.; Hungate, R. E.

doi:10.1128/aem.13.1.62-69.1965

Cited by 65 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Such a high rate of multiplication is quite unlikely for bacteria living without oxygen and easily-digestible food. For example, the bovine rumen microbiota reproduces at an average rate of 1.9 divisions per day (El-Shazly & Hungate 1965). Most of the bacteria separated in the colon thus have to be returned to the caecum to maintain the bacterial population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonic Separation Mechanism in Lagomorph and Rodent Species - a Comparison

Björnhag

Snipes

2008

Zool. Reihe

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Small hcrbivorous animals living on coarse food during cold or dry periods require a mechanism to be able to eat large quantities of food without losing the micro-organisms they need for fermentation. They use colonic separation mechanisms (CSM) that allow rapid transport of the less digestible food particles through the digestive tract whilst at the same time they retain micro-organisms and easily digestible food particles in their caecum for sufficiently long time periods in order for fermentation and microbial reproduction to take place. As a result of CSM, micro-organisms accumulate in the caecum. All species provided with a CSM utilise microbial proteins and vitamins via caecotrophy. A comparison is made between species belonging to the order Lagomorpha (hare, rabbit, pika) and species belonging to two suborders of Rodentia [myomorph rodents (rat, lemming, vole) and caviomorph rodents (guinea pig, chinchilla, nutria)].The effects of the CSM are similar amongst the species studied, however, the efficiency of the CSM differs between individual species independent of the orderisuborders to which they belong. The anatomy of the caecum and proximal colon is similar within the lagomorph order, but different compared to the rodents. It is more or less similar within each of the rodent suborders but differs between suborders. The mode of trapping and returning micro-organism is similar in myomorph and caviomorph rodents but different compared to the lagomorph species. Outside of the lagomorph and rodent orders CSM producing similar effects are found only in a few marsupial species. The anatomical and physiological background of the CSM in these species is not known.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonic Separation Mechanism in Lagomorph and Rodent Species - a Comparison

Björnhag

Snipes

2008

Zool. Reihe

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“…gHay-coneentrate contained: alfalfa, 48%; grain, 42.5%; cottonseed meal, 2.5%; molasses, 6.0%; salt, .5% monosodium phosphate, .5%. hE1-Shazly and Hungate (1965).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rumen contents were obtained from a dry, rumenfistulated Jersey cow fed an oat hay diet. Samples of 200 to 300 g were collected from the rumen approximately 1 h after feeding as described by E1-Shazly and Hungate (1965). 544 JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE, Vol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CRumen contents were transferred into prewarmed fermentation vessel (473 ml fruit jar) as described previously by E1-Shazly and Hungate (1965). dprepared as a cysteine HCI-Na2S solution under an atmosphere of 100% O~-free N 2 and autoclaved separately (Latham et at., 1971).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…fHammer-milled using a l-ram screen (EI-Shazly and Hungate, 1965). gHay-coneentrate contained: alfalfa, 48%; grain, 42.5%; cottonseed meal, 2.5%; molasses, 6.0%; salt, .5% monosodium phosphate, .5%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Monensin, Pyromellitic Diimide and 2-Bromoethanesulfonic Acid on Rumen Fermentation In Vitro2

Martin

Macy

1985

Journal of Animal Science

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The effects of monensin, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid (2-BES) and pyromellitic diimide (diimide) on gas and volatile fatty acid (VFA) production by the rumen microbiota were compared in mixed culture. Oat hay, a hay-concentrate mixture (48% hay, 43% concentrate) and a soluble carbohydrate mixture were used as substrates for microbial growth. The highest concentrations of diimide (10 ppm) and 2-BES (30 microM) decreased methanogenesis by 97 and 76%, respectively, while H2 accumulation was increased 30- and 20-fold, respectively. The effect of monensin on methanogenesis was less dramatic as 10 ppm decreased CH4 accumulation 16% and H2 did not accumulate. Diimide and 2-BES decreased the acetate:propionate ratio with the hay (P less than .05) and soluble carbohydrate mixture (P less than .025). The numbers of saccharolytic, cellulolytic and methanogenic bacteria from sheep fed a diet with diimide (60 ppm) did not differ significantly from sheep fed a control diet. Semicontinuous culture incubations indicated that the mixed rumen microbial population could adapt and degrade diimide after 24 h of incubation.

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Studies on rumen metabolism. IX. Contribution of plant lipases to the release of free fatty acids in the rumen

1974

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Therole of plant lipases in the hydrolysis of dietary lipids in the rumen of pasturefed ruminants has been investigated by means of in vitro and in vivo experiments with rumen contents. Lipases present in the leaves of numerous pasture plants remained highly active for at least 5 h in the presence of metabolising rumen microorganisms, leading to the hydrolysis of triglyceride. Parallel experiments showed that the lipase activity of actively metabolising micro-organisms in rumen fluid was very low. A slight increase in lipolytic activity attributable to micro-organisms occurred after incubations of about 4 h with plant extract when the metabolic activity of the microbial population had passed its peak.In vivo experiments showed that the lipolytic activity of rumen fluid, obtained 0.5 to 5.0 h after feeding fresh grass, was about twice that of rumen fluid obtained after overnight fasting. Paired feeding experiments showed that lipase activity was higher in rumen fluid obtained from a pasture-fed, than from a hay-fed animal. Nevertheless, there was appreciable activity in the rumen contents obtained from the hay-fed twin, which is consistent with the presence of lipase activity in the extracts of dried grass.Multiple forms of plant esterases and phosphatases were present in the soluble fraction of rumen fluid several hours after feeding.It is concluded that the rapid release of free fatty acids which follows the ingestion of pasture is due mainly to the activity of plant enzymes and that rumen microorganisms have a subsidary role in hydrolysing ingested lipid.

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Fermentation Capacity as a Measure of Net Growth of Rumen Microorganisms

Cited by 65 publications

References 8 publications

Colonic Separation Mechanism in Lagomorph and Rodent Species - a Comparison

Colonic Separation Mechanism in Lagomorph and Rodent Species - a Comparison

Effects of Monensin, Pyromellitic Diimide and 2-Bromoethanesulfonic Acid on Rumen Fermentation In Vitro2

Studies on rumen metabolism. IX. Contribution of plant lipases to the release of free fatty acids in the rumen

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