Fermentation

Lee, Sylvan B.

doi:10.1021/ie50477a016

Cited by 13 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Less than one-third this amount was produced in 1948. Of this amount 64 per cent was produced by fermentation (Lee, 1949).…”

Section: Alcoholic Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the fungi [by] Virgil Greene Lilly [and] Horace L. Barnett.

Lilly¹

1951

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PHYSIOLOGY OF THE FUNGI previous knowledge. Organization and interpretation of facts are equally as important as the experimentation which reveals them.The fungi as a group are highly responsive to their environment and are thus excellent test organisms for inquiring into the secrets of nature.Nature always answers correctly the questions we ask, and, in this sense, no experiment is a failure, although we may fail to ask the question we intended, or we may misunderstand the answer given. Infinite care is required to frame a question so that a definite answer may be obtained. By observing fungi in nature we are limited to questions asked by nature.Commonly, the environmental and nutritional factors are so complex that the influence of a single variable cannot be evaluated. By controlling the conditions under which a fungus is placed in the laboratory it is possible to ask questions of great precision. Indeed, the number and scope of the questions which we may ask fungi are limited only by the present-day techniques and the curiosity of the investigator.Since most of our knowledge of the physiology of the fungi has been gained from laboratory investigations, the experimental approach will be emphasized in the discussions which follow. However, this choice is not meant to minimize the importance of and need for critical observations in nature.By emphasizing the results of careful laboratory research, we are better able in the following chapters to present the facts necessary for an understanding of the vital principles of fungus physiology, and also to show that these principles, theories, and hypotheses are founded upon experimental evidence. FUNGUS PHYSIOLOGY IN RELATION TO OTHER SCIENCESPhysiology is that branch of science which deals with the life processes or the activities of organisms. The activities of the whole organism or of any of its parts may be hmited by its form or structure. Both the activity and the form of an individual are determined to a great extent by its genetic constitution and are modified by the environment to which the organism is exposed. Physiology, therefore, is not an independent subject.An understanding of physiological principles is based, in part, upon facts and theories from many other fields of science, such as chemistry, physics, anatomy, cytology, bacteriology, and genetics. Many of the physiological principles which have been established for one group of organisms apply equally well to other groups. The vitamins essential to the normal growth of the fungi are the same as those required by man, animals, and the higher plants. The general functions of these vitamins appear to be the same in all organisms. The difference in the vitamin requirements seems to lie in the different abilities of these groups of organisms (or individuals within the group) to synthesize these necessary compounds. As Schopfer (1943) has pointed out, the The life processes of the fungi involve numerous chemical transformations.Living organisms make and use special organic catalysts, enzymes, which control ...

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“…Less than one-third this amount was produced in 1948. Of this amount 64 per cent was produced by fermentation (Lee, 1949).…”

Section: Alcoholic Fermentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of the fungi [by] Virgil Greene Lilly [and] Horace L. Barnett.

Lilly¹

1951

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“…In addition, they are clear, thermodynamically stable fluids of mixtures of water, oil, and surfactants, and have been established as excellent microreactors for producing either organic or inorganic nanometer size, which are fairly monodispersed. Our previous work also reported that the nanosized titania particles were able to be prepared by the microemulsion method using different surfactants and they showed the high photocatalytic activity [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of TiO2 particles by reverse microemulsion method using nonionic surfactants with different hydrophilic and hydrophobic group and their photocatalytic activity

et al. 2005

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“…of fermentation in this series (240)(241)(242)366) have emphasized present industrial fermentations and newer products which may be produced on a commercial scale by microorganisms. This review will be divided into three major sections: economics of the fermentation industries; industrial fermentation processes, and fermentation as a unit process (241,242).…”

Section: Reviewsmentioning

confidence: 99%