Fermentation of Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharides, Oligofructose and their Monomeric Sugars by Hindgut Bacteria from Siberian Sturgeon and African Catfish in Batch Culture in vitro

Abstract

The in vitro fermentation of two Non-Digestible Oligosaccharide (NDO) preparations, ArabinoxylanOligosaccharides (AXOS) and Oligofructose (OF), and their respective monomeric sugars, xylose and fructose, were investigated by hindgut microbiota of two major aquaculture fish species, Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Inocula from the hindgut of both fish species were incubated for 48 h in bottles containing 1.0% of one of four substrates, i.e. AXOS, OF, xylose or fructose. Amounts and profiles of produced Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) differed between the two fish species and substrates. The hindgut microbiota of Siberian sturgeon has a higher fermentation capacity than the microbiota from African catfish. Xylose was much easier fermented than AXOS by microbiota from Siberian sturgeon whereas OF was quicker fermented than fructose with African catfish inoculum. The SCFAs were dominated by acetic acid for both fish species and for all substrates. Fermentation of OF and fructose by hindgut microbiota of Siberian sturgeon also yielded high amounts of butyric and branched-chain fatty acids after 48 h incubation. Results of this study suggest that AXOS, OF, and their monomeric sugars have an impact on microbial fermentation activity of hindgut microbiota from Siberian sturgeon and African catfish in a substrate and species dependent manner.

Galactooligosaccharides and Resistant Starch Altered Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in an in vitro Fermentation Study Using Gut Contents of Mud Crab (Scylla paramamosain)

“…These studies have demonstrated that prebiotics (i.e., L-sorbose, xylitol, and resistant starch) can selectively stimulate the growth of butyrate producers and increase the production of butyric acid in batch cultures. Accordingly, several substrates, such as arabinoxylan, whole wheat, soybean oligosaccharides, isomaltooligosaccharides, raffinose, gentiobiose, lactosucrose, arabinoxylanoligosaccharides, oligofructose, xylose, and fructose, have been shown to enhance the levels of SCFAs in batch cultures with gut microbes of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Kihara and Sakata, 2002), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Leenhouwers et al, 2008), Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii), and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Geraylou et al, 2014). In this study, mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) was used as a model to investigate the effects of two kinds of carbohydrate (galactooligosaccharides [GOS] and resistant starch [RS]) on gut microbiota and SCFA production using in vitro anaerobic fermentation cultures.…”

Progress and perspectives of short‐chain fatty acids in aquaculture

“…) and Siberian sturgeon and African catfish (Geraylou et al . ). Additionally, organic acids and their salts, including sodium butyrate, acetate, propionate, formate or citrate, have been shown to decrease the gut SCFAs in red hybrid tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.)…”

“…Although many studies have reported good results on the effects of prebiotic supplementation on the production of SCFAs in the gut of aquatic animals, in vitro fermentation has been used as a simpler approach. In vitro cultures of arabinoxylan, whole wheat, soybean-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, raffinose, gentiobiose, lactosucrose, AXOS, oligofructose, xylose or fructose using inocula of fish gut microbes have yielded high production of major SCFAs in fish species such as common carp (Cyprinus carpio) (Kihara & Sakata 2002), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (Leenhouwers et al 2008) and Siberian sturgeon and African catfish (Geraylou et al 2014). Additionally, organic acids and their salts, including sodium butyrate, acetate, propionate, formate or citrate, have been shown to decrease the gut SCFAs in red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.)…”

Diet Influences the Accumulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids Associated With the Gut Microbiota in the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon Idellus) Hindgut

“…Although SCFAs are thought to be mainly produced through carbohydrate fermentation by microorganisms, all three feeds had detectable SCFAs in this study (Table 2). Secondly, the amounts and species of SCFAs are significantly influenced by carbohydrate substrates (Hao et al, 2017a;Mountfort et al, 1993;Kihara and Sakata, 1997;Probert et al, 2004;Geraylou et al, 2014). Starch is seemingly more easily utilized to produce SCFAs through fermentation by gut microbiota in many fish (Kihara and Sakata, 1997; Van, 1994;Leenhouwers et al, 2007).…”