Fermentation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella and Citrobacter strains

Homann, Thomas; Tag, Carmen; Biebl, Hanno; Deckwer, Wolf‐Dieter; Schink, Bernhard

doi:10.1007/bf00176511

Cited by 256 publications

(158 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

148

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Glycerol dehydrogenase measured in the presence of 15 mM (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 has an apparent K m of 23 mM for glycerol and 1.18 mM for NAD ϩ . It has been reported that the K m for glycerol of the Klebsiella oxytoca enzyme is affected by monovalent cations (22), but the value obtained for the same NH 4 ϩ concentration is comparable.…”

Section: Reduce Nadmentioning

confidence: 81%

Regulation of Carbon and Electron Flow in Clostridium butyricum VPI 3266 Grown on Glucose-Glycerol Mixtures

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metabolism of Clostridium butyricum was manipulated at pH 6.5 and in phosphate-limited chemostat culture by changing the overall degree of reduction of the substrate using mixtures of glucose and glycerol. Cultures grown on glucose alone produced only acids (acetate, butyrate, and lactate) and a high level of hydrogen. In contrast, when glycerol was metabolized, 1,3-propanediol became the major product, the specific rate of acid formation decreased, and a low level of hydrogen was observed. Glycerol consumption was associated with the induction of (i) a glycerol dehydrogenase and a dihydroxyacetone kinase feeding glycerol into the central metabolism and (ii) an oxygen-sensitive glycerol dehydratase and an NAD-dependent 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase involved in propanediol formation. The redirection of the electron flow from hydrogen to NADH formation was associated with a sharp decrease in the in vitro hydrogenase activity and the acetyl coenzyme A (CoA)/free CoA ratio that allows the NADH-ferredoxin oxidoreductase bidirectional enzyme to operate so as to reduce NAD in this culture. The decrease in acetate and butyrate formation was not explained by changes in the concentration of phosphotransacylases and acetate and butyrate kinases but by changes in in vivo substrate concentrations, as reflected by the sharp decrease in the acetyl-CoA/free CoA and butyryl-CoA/free CoA ratios and the sharp increase in the ATP/ADP ratio in the culture grown with glucose and glycerol compared with that in the culture grown with glucose alone. As previously reported for Clostridium acetobutylicum (L. Girbal, I. Vasconcelos, and P. Soucaille, J. Bacteriol. 176:6146-6147, 1994), the transmembrane pH of C. butyricum is inverted (more acidic inside) when the in vivo activity of hydrogenase is decreased (cultures grown on glucose-glycerol mixture). For both cultures, the stoichiometry of the H ؉ ATPase was shown to remain constant and equal to 3 protons exported per molecule of ATP consumed.By-products of the food industry have great potential for the production of intermediates for the chemical industry; however, until now only a few applications have been found. Glycerol, a by-product with three atoms of carbon, can easily enter the metabolic pathways of several microorganisms to produce a wide range of compounds.Bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol is already known for several bacterial strains, e.g., Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus buchnerii (44,46), Bacillus welchii (23), Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella pneumoniae (32,40,47), Clostridium acetobutylicum (14), Clostridium pasteurianum (35), and Clostridium butyricum (3, 21, 43). Anaerobic metabolic pathways of glycerol catabolism have, until now, only been completely characterized in the genera Klebsiella (11,12,13,36) and Citrobacter (7,8,9,45). According to the experiments done in these microorganisms, glycerol is metabolized in two simultaneous pathways. In the first, an NAD ϩ -dependent glycerol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of glycerol to dihydrox...

show abstract

Section: Reduce Nadmentioning

confidence: 81%

Regulation of Carbon and Electron Flow in Clostridium butyricum VPI 3266 Grown on Glucose-Glycerol Mixtures

et al. 2001

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A number of microorganisms have been shown to ferment glycerol in a 1,3-PDO-dependent manner, with the biological production of 1,3-PDO from glycerol demonstrated in Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchnerii [21,22], Bacillus welchii [23], Citrobacter freundii, Klebsiella pneumoniae [24,25], Clostridium pasteurianum [26], and Clostridium butyricum [27][28][29]. 1,3-PDO is more reduced than glycerol resulting in glycerol fermentation producing 1,3-PDO and a more oxidized co-product.…”

Section: 3-propanediol (13-pdo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,3-PDO is more reduced than glycerol resulting in glycerol fermentation producing 1,3-PDO and a more oxidized co-product. In Enterobacteriaceae, such as C. freundii and K. pneumoniae, glycerol fermentation results in the production of 1,3-PDO and acetic acid as the main fermentation products [24], whereas clostridial strains produce 1,3-PDO along with a variety of other fermentation products including butyric acid, nbutanol, acetic acid, ethanol, and lactate depending on the strain and conditions [26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: 3-propanediol (13-pdo)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anaerobic fermentation of glycerol: a platform for renewable fuels and chemicals

Clomburg

González

2013

Trends in Biotechnology

271

184

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…In all of the natural 1,3-PD producers characterized to date, i.e., K. pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, and Clostridium pasteurianum, glycerol conversion to 1,3-PD involves a coenzyme B12-dependent glycerol dehydratase (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). We recently reported that the glycerol dehydratase of Clostridium butyricum VPI1718, extracted from 1,3-PD-producing cells, was not stimulated by coenzyme B12 and was extremely oxygen sensitive, which suggested it might be a coenzyme B12-independent enzyme (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of the 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) operon of Clostridium butyricum

Raynaud

Sarçabal

Meynial-Salles

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

207

160

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The genes encoding the 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) operon of Clostridium butyricum VPI1718 were characterized from a molecular and a biochemical point of view. This operon is composed of three genes, dhaB1, dhaB2, and dhaT. When grown in a vitamin B12-free mineral medium with glycerol as carbon source, Escherichia coli expressing dhaB1, dhaB2, and dhaT produces 1,3-PD and high glycerol dehydratase and 1,3-PD dehydrogenase activities. dhaB1 and dhaB2 encode, respectively, a new type of glycerol dehydratase and its activator protein. The deduced proteins DhaB1 and DhaB2, with calculated molecular masses of 88,074 and 34,149 Da, respectively, showed no homology with the known glycerol dehydratases that are all B12 dependent but significant similarity with the pyruvate formate lyases and pyruvate formate lyases activating enzymes and their homologues. The 1,158-bp dhaT gene codes for a 1,3-PD dehydrogenase with a calculated molecular mass of 41,558 Da, revealing a high level of identity with other DhaT proteins from natural 1,3-PD producers. The expression of the 1,3-PD operon in C. butyricum is regulated at the transcriptional level, and this regulation seems to involve a two-component signal transduction system DhaAS͞DhaA, which may have a similar function to DhaR, a transcriptional regulator found in other natural 1,3-PD producers. The discovery of a glycerol dehydratase, coenzyme B12 independent, should significantly influence the development of an economical vitamin B12-free biological process for the production of 1,3-PD from renewable resources.

show abstract

Fermentation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella and Citrobacter strains

Cited by 256 publications

References 12 publications

Regulation of Carbon and Electron Flow in Clostridium butyricum VPI 3266 Grown on Glucose-Glycerol Mixtures

Regulation of Carbon and Electron Flow in Clostridium butyricum VPI 3266 Grown on Glucose-Glycerol Mixtures

Anaerobic fermentation of glycerol: a platform for renewable fuels and chemicals

Molecular characterization of the 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) operon of Clostridium butyricum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About