Fermentation Product of Soybean, Black Bean, and Green Bean Mixture Induces Apoptosis in a Wide Variety of Cancer Cells

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that soybean fermentation products can act as cancer chemoprevention or therapeutic agents. In this study, the anticancer activities of a fermentation product of soybean, black bean, and green bean mixture (BN999) were investigated. We found that BN999 inhibited the growth of human breast cancer AU565 cells and prostate adenocarcinoma PC-3 cells but not that of normal human cells. BN999 induced apoptosis in various human cancer cells but not in normal human cells. BN999 treatment of AU565 cancer cells resulted in activation of calpain and caspase-8, -9, and -3, suggesting that BN999 induces apoptosis via receptor-, mitochondria-, and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated pathways. Finally, we showed that BN999 inhibited the growth of mouse CT-26 colon cancer xenografts in syngenic BALB/c mice without causing obvious side effects. Together, these data suggest that BN999 has potential to be used as a cancer chemoprevention or therapeutic agent.

Comparison of free amino acids, antioxidants, soluble phenolic acids, cytotoxicity and immunomodulation of fermented mung bean and soybean

“…Chia et al was the first to claim the cytotoxic properties of fermented bean mixture (BN999) containing MB ( Vigna radiata ), SB ( Glycine max ) and black SB ( Glycine max ) against breast (AU565) and prostate (PC3) cancer cells. In their study, the fermentation product was found to selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induced cell death . In addition, fermented common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were reported to induced apoptosis and G1 to S phase cell cycle arrest on human colon cancer cells .…”

“…In their study, the fermentation product was found to selectively inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induced cell death. 45 In addition, fermented common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were reported to induced apoptosis and G1 to S phase cell cycle arrest on human colon cancer cells. 46 More specifically, our results have demonstrated that FMB possessed greater apoptosis inducing wileyonlinelibrary.com/jsfa effect against breast cancer cells than FSB.…”

A Critical Review on Polyphenols and Health Benefits of Black Soybeans

“…Anthocyanin-rich BSB seed coat extract possibly reduces the development of tumors in various organs such as intestines [51], breast [109], prostate [65,110], stomach [80], ovary [111], endometrium [112], and liver [113]. In addition to the anthocyanins, saponins also prevent cancer cells from proliferation and spreading throughout the body [114].…”

In VivoImmunomodulation and Lipid Peroxidation Activities Contributed to Chemoprevention Effects of Fermented Mung Bean against Breast Cancer

“…Mung bean seeds and sprouts have been recorded to have in vitro cytotoxic and immunomodulatory effects and germination was found to significantly improve the bioactivities of mung bean seeds [6, 18]. On the other hand, fermented legume products that contain mung bean as one of the major ingredients have recorded inhibitory effects on the growth of mouse colon cancer xenograft without any side effects [8]. To date, chemopreventive effects on breast cancer solely contributed by fermented mung bean have yet to be reported.…”

“…Furthermore, mung bean sprouts extract also induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis on the tested cancer cells [6]. Besides germination, products that contained enzyme hydrolysed [7] or fermented [8] mung bean have also been identified as potential cancer chemopreventive or therapeutic agents. We have previously reported that fermentation can significantly improve GABA content of mung bean [9].…”