Fermentation Supernatants of Pleurotus eryngii Mushroom Ameliorate Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Caco-2 Cells via Upregulation of Tight Junctions

Abstract

In recent years, modulation of gut microbiota through prebiotics has garnered interest as a potential to ameliorate intestinal barrier dysfunction. The aim of the study was to examine the in vitro effect of fermentation supernatants (FSs) from rich in β-glucan Pleurotus eryngii mushrooms on the expression levels of tight junctions (TJs) genes in Caco-2 cells stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Mushrooms were fermented using fecal inocula in an in vitro batch culture model. Caco-2 cells were subjected to LPS and FS treatment under three different conditions: pre-incubation with FS, co- and post-incubation. Reverse transcription PCR was applied to measure the expression levels of zonulin-1, occludin and claudin-1 genes. FSs from P. eryngii mushrooms led to a significant upregulation of the TJs gene expression in pre-incubation state, indicating potential preventive action. Down-regulation of all TJs gene expression levels was observed when the cells were challenged with LPS. The FS negative control (gut microbiota of each donor with no carbohydrate source) exhibited a significant upregulation of TJs expression levels compared to the cells that were challenged with LPS, for all three conditions. Overall, our data highlighted the positive and potential protective effects of P. eryngii mushrooms in upregulation of TJs’ genes.

Oat β‐glucan repairs the epidermal barrier by upregulating the levels of epidermal differentiation, cell–cell junctions and lipids via Dectin‐1

“…The high levels of claudin‐1 and β ‐catenin expression in the WT mice (Figure 2) indicated that Dectin‐1 may be favourable to the recovery of the damaged epidermal barrier since more cell–cell junctions might improve the barrier function of the epidermis. As previously reported by Saxami et al, β ‐glucan‐rich Pleurotus eryngii fermented broth (FSs) can improve lipopolysaccharide‐induced cellular intestinal epithelial dysfunction by upregulating the expression of tight junction claudin‐1, occludin, zonulin‐1 (Saxami et al, 2021). The Dectin‐1 gene might enable oat β‐glucan to up‐regulate the expression of cell–cell junctions in WT mice (Figure 5 and this might facilitate the recovery of epidermal barrier damage.…”

A concise review of the nutritional profiles, microbial dynamics, and health impacts of fermented mushrooms

“…The preincubation of Caco‐2 cells with SSPE significantly improved the expression of tight junction genes compared to LPS‐challenged cells. The results showed that SSPE might be able to maintain intestinal integrity (Saxami et al., 2021).…”

In Vitro Fermentation of Edible Mushrooms: Effects on Faecal Microbiota Characteristics of Autistic and Neurotypical Children

“…As defined by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP), prebiotics are substrates “selectively utilized by host microorganisms, conferring a health benefit” [ 18 ]. The most recognized prebiotics are fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), lactulose, and inulin, whereas β-glucans derived from various mushroom species (i.e., Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii ) are potential prebiotic candidates [ 19 ]. Recently, whole food-based strategies (not only specific bioactive ingredients) have been applied in order to modulate GM via potential synergistic interactions among different components of the food [ 20 ].…”

“…Our group demonstrated that lyophilized powder from the entire fruitbodies of Pleurotus and Cyclocybe strains exhibited a beneficial effect on the GM composition of apparently healthy subjects over 65 years old, highlighting their potential as candidate prebiotics [ 21 ]. More recently, we illustrated the preventive effect of fermentation supernatants derived from P. eryngii mushrooms against imminent damage to the intestinal barrier through upregulation of tight junctions’ genes, fueling further efforts to clarify their manifold role, prebiotics included, in human health [ 19 ].…”