Fermented Animal Source Protein as Substitution of Fishmeal on Intestinal Microbiota, Immune-Related Cytokines and Resistance to Vibrio mimicus in Freshwater Crayfish (Cherax cainii)

Abstract

A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of substitution of fishmeal (FM) by dietary poultry by-product meal, fermented by Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth, intestinal health, microbial composition, immune related cytokines and disease resistance of freshwater crayfish, marron (Cherax cainii) against Vibrio mimicus. Two isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were formulated by replacing FM protein with fermented poultry by-product meal (FPBM) protein at 0% (Control) and 75% (FPBM), and fed marron for 70 days. The results indicated no significant difference (P > 0.05) in final body weights between two groups of marron, whilst intestinal microvilli number per fold was increased in marron fed FPBM than the control. The 16S rRNA sequences revealed an increased number of Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, and decreased number of Aeromonas at genus level in the distal intestine of marron fed FPBM. Marron fed FPBM showed up-regulated expression of IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17F genes in the distal intestine. Significantly (P < 0.05) increased lysozyme and phagocytic activity, and higher survival was found in marron fed FPBM following a bacterial challenge with Vibrio mimicus. Therefore, it is concluded that FPBM is beneficial to marron in terms of microbial community, immune-related cytokines and disease resistance against V. mimicus.

Sources of protein diet differentially stimulate the gut and water microbiota under freshwater crayfish, marron (Cherax cainii, Austin 2002) culture

“…In the gut, Aeromonas , Candidatus Bacilloplasma, Hafnia Obesumbacterium, Shewanella and Vibrio were identified as resident bacteria, which are capable of growing independently despite changes in dietary compositions. These observations are consistent with the findings of previous studies conducted on various dietary supplements (Foysal et al ., 2019a; Siddik et al ., 2020) and altered environmental conditions (Foysal et al ., 2020a). Of late, studies on crayfish under different feeding regimes (Shui et al ., 2020) and developmental stages (Zhang et al ., 2020) have reported C .…”

Lactobacillus acidophilus and L. plantarum improve health status, modulate gut microbiota and innate immune response of marron (Cherax cainii)

“…Probiotic in aqua diets, has positive influence on the growth and immune performance of commercially farmed shrimp and crayfish species. Among the probiotic bacteria, Lactobacillus species are widely used for their beneficial role in health and immunity of crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus and C. cainii 29,41 . Present study evaluated the combined effects of two most potent LAB on growth, hemolymph parameters, biochemical compositions of tail muscle, intestine and hepatopancreas structure, gut microbiota and immune genes of freshwater crayfish marron.…”

“…This upregulation was significant due to the pro and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, aquatic animals balanced the immune response for better defence against stress and infection 56 . Though the presence of cytokine family genes in crustacean tissue including crayfish are evident 41,[75][76][77][78][79] , however, their role have not been studied yet. Hence, further transcriptomic analysis of mRNA is recommended to identify the expressed genes under cytokine family and its level of expression in the intestinal tissue of marron.…”

The Effect of Dietary Lactic Acid Bacteria on Intestinal Microbiota and Immune Responses of Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) Under Water Temperature Decrease

“…LAB has been proven to be effective in modifying the host-associated intestinal microbiota ( Xia et al, 2018 ; Ringo et al, 2020 ). The intestinal microflora play an important role in fish, such as participating in a variety of physiological functions including feed digestion, reduction of the invasion of pathogenic bacteria, and synthesis of the trace elements, amino acids, and vitamins ( Mente et al, 2016 ; Gao et al, 2019 ; Siddik et al, 2020 ). It is well known that various factors could alter the composition of intestinal microorganisms, such as direct-fed microorganisms or diet composition ( Fan et al, 2021 ).…”

“…The activity and composition of intestinal microbiota influences intestinal environments, and therefore cytokines profiles in intestinal content ( Liu et al, 2013 ) which exert vital influence on intestinal health. These cytokines may contribute to the regulation immune response and maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system, enhancement of host defense mechanism against bacteria and fungi ( Siddik et al, 2020 ), lysozyme synthesis, and bactericidal activities ( Giri et al, 2015 ). For example, Jang et al (2020) reported that probiotics inspired pro-inflammatory responses by promoting proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) production.…”