Fermented Cosmetics and Metabolites of Skin Microbiota—A New Approach to Skin Health

Abstract

The skin covers our entire body and is said to be the “largest organ of the human body”. It has many health-maintaining functions, such as protecting the body from ultraviolet rays and dryness and maintaining body temperature through energy metabolism. However, the number of patients suffering from skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, is increasing due to strong irritation of the skin caused by detergents that are spread by the development of the chemical industry. The skin is inhabited by about 102–107 cells/cm2 and 1000 species of commensal bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microorganisms. In particular, metabolites such as fatty acids and glycerol released by indigenous skin bacteria have been reported to have functional properties for the health of the skin. Therefore, skin-domesticating bacteria and the metabolites derived from those bacteria are used in many skincare product ingredients and function as probiotic cosmetics. Japanese traditional fermented stuff, used as foods in Japan for over 1300 years, are now being applied as fermented cosmetics. Fermented cosmetics are expected to have multifaceted health functionality and continue to grow as products in the natural skincare product market. In this review, we consider approaches to skin health using fermented cosmetics and modulation of skin microflora metabolites.

Medium-chain dicarboxylic acids: chemistry, pharmacological properties, and applications in modern pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries

“…As fungi are generally unable to grow in acidic environments, skin pH adjusters help to prevent the proliferation of these fungi. 92 Historically, the safety of DAs as they are used in cosmetics has been evaluated by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel. 2 The bulk of MCDAs serve as pH adjusters or aroma components in cosmetics.…”

“…Cosmetics that in the principal component analysis showed a positive connection with SUA would be very efficient against Staphylococcus epidermidis. 92 Some of the ingredients that have been used in skin treatments have also been successfully added to cosmetic formulations. The FDA has given AZA the go-ahead to treat rosacea and acne.…”

“…Cosmetics that in the principal component analysis showed a positive connection with SUA would be very efficient against Staphylococcus epidermidis . 92…”

Use of Waste from the Food Industry and Applications of the Fermentation Process to Create Sustainable Cosmetic Products: A Review

“…The use of fermented raw materials also has many benefits for the skin [152]. Due to the smaller molecular structures of active substances in fermented raw materials, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may be increased by improved bioavailability [149,[152][153][154]. Bioferments in cosmetic products may stimulate natural skin defence mechanisms, reduce consequences of photodamage, whiten the skin, help in rebuilding the skin barrier, support the wound healing process, reduce the symptoms of acne, and protect the skin against pollution and oxidative stress [92,155].…”

Anti-Inflammatory and Protective Effects of Water Extract and Bioferment from Sambucus nigra Fruit in LPS-Induced Human Skin Fibroblasts

“…This process increases the biological potential of plant material by converting high-molecular compounds into low-molecular ones what enhance their effectiveness and bioavailability [ 20 ]. Recently, fermented cosmetics have been gaining increasing importance in skin protection and maintaining skin health [ 21 ].…”