Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 reduces bacterial translocation in rats treated with carbon tetrachloride

Abstract

Probiotics can prevent pathological bacterial translocation by modulating intestinal microbiota and improving the gut barrier. The aim was to evaluate the effect of a fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 on bacterial translocation in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis. Sprague-Dawley rats treated with CCl4 were randomized into a probiotic group that received fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 in drinking water or a water group that received water only. Laparotomy was performed one week after ascites development. We evaluated bacterial translocation, intestinal microbiota, the intestinal barrier and cytokines in mesenteric lymph nodes and serum. Bacterial translocation decreased and gut dysbiosis improved in the probiotic group compared to the water group. The ileal β-defensin-1 concentration was higher and ileal malondialdehyde levels were lower in the probiotic group than in water group. There were no differences between groups in serum cytokines but TNF-α levels in mesenteric lymph nodes were lower in the probiotic group than in the water group. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 decreases bacterial translocation, gut dysbiosis and ileal oxidative damage and increases ileal β-defensin-1 expression in rats treated with CCl4, suggesting an improvement in the intestinal barrier integrity.

Effect of a Multistrain Probiotic on Cognitive Function and Risk of Falls in Patients With Cirrhosis: A Randomized Trial

“…Lactulose and polyethylene glycol are used to treat hepatic encephalopathy and could interfere with the parameters we aimed to evaluate, such as intestinal microbiota or cognitive function, and therefore many of the other related parameters, such as inflammatory response or risk of falls. Nevertheless, we would like to point out that the results from the biomarkers used in the present study that could suggest an improvement in the intestinal barrier after probiotic treatment are consistent with previous data …”

“…Previous studies have demonstrated a beneficial effect of certain probiotics on the intestinal barrier in several experimental and clinical settings . This finding has also been reported in models of experimental cirrhosis, in which several probiotics improved the intestinal barrier, decreased bacterial translocation, and ameliorated the proinflammatory state . However, in the study by Horvath et al in patients with cirrhosis treated with a different probiotic mixture, the authors did not observe any significant effect on gut permeability, as assessed by a panel of markers including lactulose/mannitol ratio and fecal zonulin, or inflammatory biomarkers.…”

“…(38,39) This finding has also been reported in models of experimental cirrhosis, in which several probiotics improved the intestinal barrier, decreased bacterial translocation, and ameliorated the proinflammatory state. (40,41) However, in the study by Horvath et al (37) in patients with cirrhosis treated with a different probiotic mixture, the authors did not observe any significant effect on gut permeability, as assessed by a panel of markers including lactulose/ mannitol ratio and fecal zonulin, or inflammatory biomarkers. Liu et al (42) evaluated patients undergoing colorectal surgery treated with a three-strain probiotic and reported a decrease in serum zonulin, a parameter that was unchanged in our study.…”

“…Nevertheless, we would like to point out that the results from the biomarkers used in the present study that could suggest an improvement in the intestinal barrier after probiotic treatment are consistent with previous data. (23,(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45) As future research, a study with a larger number of patients and with a longer treatment protocol is warranted to assess the usefulness of the probiotic in decreasing the incidence of falls. Moreover, it would be interesting to analyze the intimate mechanisms determining the improvement in the risk for falls through accurate neurological tests and MRI-based techniques (30,31) as well as the changes in the microbiota function after probiotic treatment.…”

Sequential Changes in the Mesenteric Lymph Node Microbiome and Immune Response during Cirrhosis Induction in Rats

“…Cultures were incubated for 48 h at 37°C in an aerobic atmosphere. The isolated bacteria were presumptively identified according to their pattern of growth and morphology (41).…”