Synthesis and characterization of £A-(2-cyano-1-methyl-3-{2-{{(5-methylimidazol-4-yl)methyl}thio}ethyl)guanidine copper(II) sulfate tetrahydrate Sentot B Rahardjo, Teguh Endah Saraswati, Edy Pramono et al. . In this report we present results of DSC measurements in heating-cooling regime with relatively low temperature rates-0.3 K/min and 0.1 K/min. We compare the measured by us the DSC results with temperature dependent photo induced second harmonic generation (PISHG) data. The investigations show that at lowest heating temperature changes velocity (0.1 K/min) we obtain two wide peaks temperature separated . We conclude from this DSC measurement that [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 4 Cl 2 SO 4 single crystals undergo a two-step phase transitions. We have received a similar temperature splitting of the observed phase transformations and a 15 K shift between the temperature PISHG dependences and the principal DSC maxima.
IntroductionDifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and its modulated DSC (MDSC) version are known to be sensitive tools for studies of phase transitions, especially in the cases of strong electron-phonon anharmonic interactions in vicinity of critical temperature points. As DSC/MDSC methods are convenient in practice they are widely used: polymer transformations, crystallization -melting features, resins curing, protein denaturation, glass transitions are among fields of this methods application [1][2][3][4]. At the same time the optical methods are able to indicate also transformations connected with interactions of phonon modes with excited states. Due to this reason the optical and especially nonlinear optical methods become more and more popular for detection of different phase transitions [5,6]. The higher order optical effects are more sensitive than this of lower order a two-photon absorption and a third harmonics generation [7]. However, there is a strong shortcoming for the third harmonic generation: a dozens of samples, including semiconductors and even dielectrics, are nontransparent for the tripled frequency wavelengths. The other effect depending on third rank polar tensor is also optical second harmonic generation (SHG). A limitation in this case presents randomly oriented samples or centro-symmetrical crystals. A solution, in this case may be an optical poling or a photoinduced second harmonic generation (PISHG) [8,9]. The main goal of this paper is to compare the results of DSC and PISHG measurements and to discuss a capability of both these methods to detect properly phase transition temperature and its kind for ferroelectrics. At first a brief description of DSC scans for the pyridazine perchlorate single crystals is given to prove with earlier permittivity data, that when used with extremely small heating rates is able to indicate transition temperatures very precisely. After this both DSC and PISHG methods are applied to study tetraguanidine dichloro-sulfate: [C(NH 2 ) 3 ] 4 Cl 2 SO 4 single crystals. The discrepancies between the temperature-dependent pictures obtained from the both sets are t...