-Self-organization in statistical physics PACS 64.75.Xc -Phase separation and segregation in colloids Abstract -Using Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulations we investigate the non-equilibrium structure formation of a two-dimensional (2D) binary system of dipolar colloids propelling in opposite directions. Despite of a pronounced tendency for chain formation, the system displays a transition towards a laned state reminiscent of lane formation in systems with isotropic repulsive interactions. However, the anisotropic dipolar interactions induce novel features: First, the lanes have themselves a complex internal structure characterized by chains or clusters. Second, laning occurs only in a window of interaction strengths. We interprete our findings by a phase separation process and simple force balance arguments.Introduction. -Lane formation is a protoype of a non-equilibrium self-organization process, where an originally homogenous mixture of particles (or other types of "agents") moving in opposite directions segregates into macroscopic lanes composed of different species. This ubiquitous phenomenon occurs, e.g., in driven binary mixtures of colloidal particles [1-3] and migrating macroions [4], in binary plasmas [5,6], but also in "selfpropelling" systems with aligned velocities such as bacteria in channels [7] and humans in pedestrian zones [8]. In particular, studies of charged colloids have revealed many fundamental aspects of laning such as the impact of density [9], the role of hydrodyamics [10], the accompanying microscopic dynamics (particularly, the so-called dynamical locking) [2], and the impact of anisotropic friction [11].