Fertility Control in Wildlife: Review of Current Status, Including Novel and Future Technologies

Garside, Deborah A.; Gebril, Ayman; Alsaadi, Manal; Ferro, Valerie A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0820-2_18

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Diverse methods for fertility control have been employed in wildlife applications; however, egg addling is sometimes overlooked in favor of hormonal control or nest destruction (Garside et al. ). Removing the nests of predatory birds as a deterrent is often preferential to culling live animals or eggs, but the long‐term success of nest removal can be stymied by species‐specific behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel management tools for subsidized avian predators and a case study in the conservation of a threatened species

Shields¹,

Currylow

Hanley

et al. 2019

Ecosphere

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Wildlife managers face complex problems in attempting to achieve contemporary conservation goals while maintaining ecosystem function. Anthropogenically altered environments can subsidize certain species, causing them to become overabundant and straining the remaining natural system. Such is the case with the widespread avian generalist and subsidized predator, the common raven (Corvus corax). Ravens depredate nests and prey on small animals, with locally focused high impacts to the ecosystem during rearing of their nestlings. Limiting predator abundance reduces the spatially concentrated predation rates by eliminating nestling provisioning needs. We investigated avenues to limit the reproduction of common raven using customized theoretical and practical tools. Specifically, we developed an online interactive tool, a mathematical model, that calculates the predator's population growth rate under any given proportion of reproductive management. This quantitative tool models an assessment of ravens in a defined area and results in the degree to which raven fitness would need to be reduced to control their populations. To implement the model's results in a field‐practical way and manage reproduction with minimal disturbance, we developed novel technology, a Remote Fluid Application System (RFAS). The RFAS applies the egg addling technique of egg oiling to high (usually out of reach) nesting situations. We tested these tools in the Mojave Desert, CA, where the raven is a heavily human‐subsidized predator. We mounted our RFAS on telescoping poles and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs; drones) and found that we were able to aerially, and precisely, spray‐oil eggs high in trees or cliffs/rock faces, halting 100% (n = 46) of raven nesting events. With these tools, we enable managers to calculate the intensity of, and the ability to carry out, egg addling needed to stem or halt predator population growth. We conclude that the combination of the interactive software (StallPOPd Interactive Tool, https://cwhl.vet.cornell.edu/tools/stallpopd; publicly available at https://ecommons.cornell.edu/handle/1813/65718) and the RFAS is the most effective wildlife management strategy to date for the offset or control of undesirable population growth in high‐nesting avian predators.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel management tools for subsidized avian predators and a case study in the conservation of a threatened species

Shields¹,

Currylow

Hanley

et al. 2019

Ecosphere

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“…Whereas there is widespread agreement about the central importance of mass dog vaccination in canine rabies control and elimination, the role of dog population management remains a subject of debate [ 17 ]. There is a rich body of literature concerning fertility control for management of roaming dog and wildlife populations [ 18 ]. Successful experiences of eliminating human rabies in Europe, Japan, the Caribbean, and Latin America have demonstrated promising methods for Guangxi to develop a more effective approach to controlling human rabies [ 19 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination demonstration zone successfully controls rabies in Guangxi Province, China

Wei

Xiong

et al. 2018

BMC Infect Dis

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BackgroundGuangxi is the province most seriously affected by rabies virus (RABV) in China. Those most affected by RABV each year are people in rural areas, where dogs are the main cause of human infection with the virus.MethodsIn this study, we established a rabies vaccination demonstration program that included eradication, core, and peripheral areas. This program was implemented for 9 years and comprised three stages: 12 counties in the first stage (2008–2010), 21 counties in the second stage (2011–2013), and then extending to all counties of Guangxi Province in the third stage (2014–2016). The program included a dog vaccination campaign, surveillance of clinically healthy dogs who may be potential RABV carriers, monitoring anti-RABV antibody titers in vaccinated dogs, and compiling and reporting statistics of human rabies cases.ResultsThe target effectiveness was achieved in the eradication, core, and peripheral areas in all three stages. The vaccination demonstration program successfully promoted RABV vaccination of domestic dogs throughout Guangxi Province by drawing upon the experience gained at key points. Compared with a vaccination coverage rate of 39.42–46.85% in Guangxi Province overall during 2003–2007, this rate gradually increased to 48.98–52.67% in 2008–2010, 60.24–69.67% in 2011–2013, and 70.09–71.53% in 2014–2016, thereby meeting World Health Organization requirements. The total cases of human rabies in the province decreased from 602 in 2004 to 41 cases in 2017.ConclusionsThe present pilot vaccination program obviously increased the rabies vaccination and seroconversion rates, and effectively reduced the spread of rabies from dogs to humans as well as the number of human rabies cases, thus successfully controlling rabies in Guangxi.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3301-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…While there is widespread agreement about the central importance of mass dog vaccination in canine rabies control and elimination, the role of dog population management remains the subject of debate [ 67 ]. There is a rich literature around fertility control for management of roaming dog and wildlife populations [ 68 , 69 ]. However, as rabies transmission varies little with dog density, reproductive control measures carried out with the aim of reducing dog density are not likely to be effective for rabies control.…”

Section: Strategies For Control and Elimination Of Canine Rabies: A Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies elimination research: juxtaposing optimism, pragmatism and realism

Cleaveland¹,

Hampson²

2017

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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More than 100 years of research has now been conducted into the prevention, control and elimination of rabies with safe and highly efficacious vaccines developed for use in human and animal populations. Domestic dogs are a major reservoir for rabies, and although considerable advances have been made towards the elimination and control of canine rabies in many parts of the world, the disease continues to kill tens of thousands of people every year in Africa and Asia. Policy efforts are now being directed towards a global target of zero human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030 and the global elimination of canine rabies. Here we demonstrate how research provides a cause for optimism as to the feasibility of these goals through strategies based around mass dog vaccination. We summarize some of the pragmatic insights generated from rabies epidemiology and dog ecology research that can improve the design of dog vaccination strategies in low- and middle-income countries and which should encourage implementation without further delay. We also highlight the need for realism in reaching the feasible, although technically more difficult and longer-term goal of global elimination of canine rabies. Finally, we discuss how research on rabies has broader relevance to the control and elimination of a suite of diseases of current concern to human and animal health, providing an exemplar of the value of a ‘One Health’ approach.

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Fertility Control in Wildlife: Review of Current Status, Including Novel and Future Technologies

Cited by 13 publications

References 109 publications

Novel management tools for subsidized avian predators and a case study in the conservation of a threatened species

Novel management tools for subsidized avian predators and a case study in the conservation of a threatened species

Vaccination demonstration zone successfully controls rabies in Guangxi Province, China

Rabies elimination research: juxtaposing optimism, pragmatism and realism

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