Fertility Differentials in Kenya: The Effect of Female Migration

Omondi, Charles Ochola; Ayiemba, E.H.O.

doi:10.11564/20-2-393

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Lower fertility among urban migrants compared to non-migrants in the places of origin has been found in much of the recent literature on SSA (Brockerhoff 1998 ; Omondi and Ayiemba 2005 ; White, Muhidin, et al 2008 ; White et al 2005 ). This is also closely aligned with recent studies from West Africa on internal migration to a capital city, which also found remarkably similar fertility outcomes between migrants and non-migrants in Accra, Ghana (Rokicki, Montana, and Fink 2014 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…The limited existing research on this topic has found mixed results. Most cross-sectional studies have found that migration to urban areas is associated with lower fertility (Brockerhoff 1995 ; Brockerhoff 1998 ; Omondi and Ayiemba 2005 ), both for migrants themselves (Brockerhoff and Yang 1994 ) and for subsequent generations born in the urban place of destination (White et al 2005 ). Similarly, two recent longitudinal studies of migration and fertility in Ghana found lower fertility among rural-to-urban migrants (Chattopadhyay, White, Debpuur, et al 2006 ; White, Muhidin, et al 2008 ) compared to rural non-residents.…”

Section: Backgroudmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Migration differs by destination and origin (e.g., urban, rural), distance travelled, permanence, duration, and motivation, among other characteristics. Yet the demographic literature on fertility and migration has often neglected to account for variation in migration characteristics in developing countries and often uses a simple binary measure of migrant/non-migrant (e.g., Brockerhoff and Yang 1994 ; Chattopadhyay, White, Debpuur, et al 2006 ; Omondi and Ayiemba 2005 ; Oucho and Gould 1993 ). Although different migration streams (urban-rural, rural-urban, urban-urban, rural-rural, etc.…”

Section: Backgroudmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fertility of internal migrants to Kinshasa

Anglewicz

Corker

Kayembé

2017

Genus

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The rapid population growth of many African cities has important implications for population health, yet little is known about factors contributing to increasing population, such as the fertility of internal migrants. We examine whether in-migrants to Kinshasa have different fertility patterns than lifetime Kinshasa residents, and identify characteristics of migrants that may explain differences in fertility. We also use detailed migration histories to examine whether fertility differs by features of migration. We use representative data from the PMA2020 Project for 2197 women in Kinshasa, including 340 women who moved to Kinshasa. We examine differences between migrants and non-migrants in fertility and other fertility-related characteristics. We also examine whether fertility differs by duration of residence in Kinshasa, number of lifetime moves, age at first migration, urban/rural classification of birthplace, and the distinction between intra-Kinshasa migration and migration to Kinshasa.. Migrants have significantly higher fertility than permanent Kinshasa residents, but the difference is relatively small in magnitude. This higher fertility appears due in part to patterns of contraceptive use among migrants. There is noteworthy heterogeneity among migrants: higher fertility among migrants is associated with longer duration in Kinshasa, more lifetime moves, urban-Kinshasa migration, older age at first migration, and moving to Kinshasa from outside (as opposed to intra-Kinshasa migration).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Backgroudmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Backgroudmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fertility of internal migrants to Kinshasa

Anglewicz

Corker

Kayembé

2017

Genus

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“…The selectivity hypothesis suffices in describing the fertility patterns of the Igbo migrants in the North-West and Hausa-Fulani migrants in the South-East as evidence shows that the socioeconomic characteristics of both sets of migrants differed from those of the stayers' population in their home regions and those of the destination population. Reason for migration and other social and economic aspirations of the migrants may be responsible for the difference as have been shown by Omondi and Ayiemba (2005) in Kenya. Although at bivariate levels and the multivariate level of all migrants, there exist significant associations and relationships between fertility behavior and the sociodemographic covariates investigated in this study, the relationships assumed an ethnic dimension at the level of individual ethnic group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Omoyeni (2013) also reported lower fertility among migrants. Omondi and Ayiemba (2005) had attributed such pattern in Kenya to female migrants' relegation of their reproductive roles for self-actualization activities like career development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic fertility behavior and internal migration in Nigeria: revisiting the migrant fertility hypotheses

Odimegwu

Adewoyin

2020

Genus

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Fertility patterns in Nigeria are high and widely skewed away from the targets of the country's population policy. As population growth is fueled by natural increase and migration, and with spatial disparities in fertility preferences among the different ethnic groups in Nigeria, this study investigates the fertility behavior of ethnic migrants in their destinations, the place-effects on such behavior, and the convergence or otherwise of the behavior with fertility behaviors in the migrants' places of origin and destination. Explanations for the behavioral pattern are provided in the hypotheses of migrant fertility and in the sociodemographic confounders of the behavior. Study data was extracted for the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria from the Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. Median numbers of children ever born (CEB) were 7, 6, and 4 for the Hausa-Fulani, Igbo, and Yoruba ethnic groups respectively. Relative to the destination fertility patterns, Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba migrants had lower CEB in Igboland while Igbo and Yoruba migrants recorded lower CEB in the North-West home of the Hausa-Fulani ethnic group. Whereas the Igbo migrants maintained an equal CEB with their Yoruba hosts, the Hausa-Fulani group replicated their home fertility behavior in Yorubaland. Overall, the adaptation, socialization, and selectivity hypotheses were found valid for some of the disparities in migrant fertility behavior and the influence of the sociodemographic predictors of fertility behavior varied among the different ethnic groups.

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Male Fertility and Internal Migration in Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa

Menashe‐Oren

Sánchez-Páez

2023

Eur J Population

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Subnational differences in male fertility within sub-Saharan African countries have not been explored, nor the differences in male fertility according to migration status been sufficiently probed. We study divergences in rural and urban male fertility and investigate the relationship between male fertility and migration across 30 sub-Saharan African countries. We employ 67 Demographic and Health Surveys to estimate completed cohort fertility among men aged 50–64 according to migration status. Overall, we find that urban male fertility has declined faster than rural male fertility, widening the gap between the sectors. Rural-urban migrant men have lower fertility than their rural non-migrant counterparts. Men migrating within the rural sector have similarly high fertility as rural non-migrants, while urban–urban migrant men have even lower fertility than non-migrant urban men. Using country-fixed effects models, we find that among men with at least secondary education, differences in completed cohort fertility by migration status are widest. When we consider the timing of migration in relation to the timing of the birth of the last child, we observe that migrant men are a select group, having around two children less than non-migrant rural men. There is also evidence of adaptation to destination, though to a lesser extent. Furthermore, migration within the rural sector does not seem to be disruptive to fathering. These results indicate that rural-to-urban migration has the potential to delay rural fertility decline, and that urban male fertility is likely to decline further, especially as the proportion of urban-to-urban migration increases.

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Fertility Differentials in Kenya: The Effect of Female Migration

Abstract: This study uses the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS)

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

The fertility of internal migrants to Kinshasa

The fertility of internal migrants to Kinshasa

Ethnic fertility behavior and internal migration in Nigeria: revisiting the migrant fertility hypotheses

Male Fertility and Internal Migration in Rural and Urban Sub-Saharan Africa

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