Fertilization and early embryology: The quarantine of fertilized donated oocytes

Abstract

The fertilization and subsequent cryopreservation of donated oocytes have enabled the resulting embryos to be quarantined for a minimum of 6 months, and to be thawed and replaced only after the donor has had a second negative human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test. In the study described here, a total of 39 women had 56 embryo transfers, and 12 pregnancies (21% per transfer) were achieved. The logic of the protocol for minimizing the risk of infection of the recipient, which is in line with that of semen donation, is presented, together with an argument for the feasibility of such an approach.

Medically assisted reproduction in the presence of chronic viral diseases

“…Even if there are fewer trials than for AID, recommendations and attitudes regarding quarantine in oocyte donation are less strict (Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, 1991; Barratt et al, 1998). In clinical practice, most oocyte donation programmes do not apply quarantine in order to avoid freezing and therefore optimize pregnancy chances (Delbaere et al, 2001) except in France (where it is an obligation by law) and in some other programmes (Hamer et al, 1995).…”

Cryogenic Heat Transfer Inside the Tissues with Thermally Significant Blood Vessels During Cryosurgery

“…Since ultrasound is almost 100% reflected at the ice interface, the imaging modality enables the iceball edge to be observed clearly while the three-dimensional geometry of the iceball and the unfrozen tissue completely enveloped by the frozen tissue are both impossible to be imaged [1,16]. Although an MR or CT imaging modality could be chosen to visualize threedimensional geometry of the iceball [17,18], none of these above mentioned imaging modalities could visualize the internal thermal field of the iceball, the surgeon remains blind to the location of the critical isotherm [1].…”