Fertilizer application increases nitrate nitrogen concentration in Urochloa brizantha cv. MG5 as annual summer grass in temperate zone

Abstract

Webster syn. Brachiaria brizantha (A. Rich.) Stapf) is a grass grown widely in Brazil (Flores et al., 2008). Experimental lines and cultivars have been introduced to tropical Asia and Pacific region (Schultze-Kraft, 1992, i.e., Thailand;Hare et al., 2005).Palisadegrass has also been introduced not only in the tropics, but also in subtropical areas such as Florida in the United States (Inyang et al., 2010;Vendramini et al., 2012) and warm temperate zones such as southwestern Japan (Nitthaisong et al., 2017).We attempt development of a cultivation method to support its use as an annual summer grass in southwestern Japan because death with heavy frost prevents its use as a perennial (Kaneko,

Hybrid brachiariagrass (Urochloa spp.) establishment with annual sorghum sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) mixtures at half and full recommended seeding rates

“…The lower weed mass in the FSR and HSR than in the BR at 12 weeks did not result in greater brachiariagrass HA, likely due to competition with sunn hemp and sudangrass in the initial phases of the experimental period. Kaneko, Nakamura, Yamada, et al (2021) reported that basal fertilizer has no effect on the early growth of palisadegrass but promotes weed growth. The basal fertilization used in this study may have enhanced early weed growth, especially in the BR treatment.…”

Wide-row Seeding Cultivation of the Nematode-suppressive Forage Crop Palisade Grass (<i>Urochloa brizantha</i>) cv. MG5 in the Southern Kyushu Region of Japan

“…MG5, with an IRS of 120 cm, (which we refer to as wide-row seeding cultivation), could produce a suitable forage yield (over 1 kg dry matter m -2 in Field Experiments 3, 4, and 5), in association with weed control by intertillage using a 10 kW-level tractor with a rotary tiller. Kaneko et al (2012) and Uesugi et al (2015) conducted palisade grass cultivation experiments with BSC at a seeding density of 4 g m -2 , while Hanagasaki et al (2008) and Nitthaisong et al (2017) used a seeding density of 3 g m -2 . Kaneko et al (2018) also conducted BSC of palisade grass at seeding densities of 2 and 4 g m -2 , and suggested that the lower seeding density (2 g m -2 ) tended to reduce the forage yield in the first harvest, and it was difficult to control weeds using BSC with a seeding density of less than 4 g m -2 .…”

“…Kaneko et al (2012) and Uesugi et al (2015) conducted palisade grass cultivation experiments with BSC at a seeding density of 4 g m -2 , while Hanagasaki et al (2008) and Nitthaisong et al (2017) used a seeding density of 3 g m -2 . Kaneko et al (2018) also conducted BSC of palisade grass at seeding densities of 2 and 4 g m -2 , and suggested that the lower seeding density (2 g m -2 ) tended to reduce the forage yield in the first harvest, and it was difficult to control weeds using BSC with a seeding density of less than 4 g m -2 . We used a seeding density of 4 g m -2 for BSC in our Field Experiment 4, and obtained very high W/CRs, suggesting that palisade grass sown using BSC at this seeding density is a weak competitor in comparison with weeds, especially during the initial growth stage.…”

“…Hare et al (2009) conducted RSC experiments in Northeast Thailand that included palisade grass sown at a seeding density of 1 g germinable seed m -2 using a 50 cm IRS. In the temperate zone in Japan, Kaneko et al (2018) conducted RSC of palisade grass using a 54 cm IRS and a seeding density of 2.4 g m -2 . However, in a subtropical region of Argentina, Brandan et al (2017) cultivated palisade grass as a cover crop using an IRS of 125 cm and seeding density of 0.4 -0.5 g m -2 .…”

“…In Japan, palisade grass introduction experiments to assess forage utilization potential have been conducted in areas with subtropical and temperate climates, particularly the Okinawa Prefecture and southern Kyushu region (Hanagasaki et al 2007, Ishigaki et al 2018, Kaneko et al 2012, Kaneko et al 2014, Kaneko et al 2015, Kaneko et al 2017, Kaneko et al 2018, Kaneko et al 2020, Nitthaisong et al 2017. Kaneko et al (2018) Marandu, U. brizantha cv. MG5, U. humidicola, U. ruziziensis, and U. mutica with Chloris gayana Kunth (rhodes grass) cv.…”