Feruloyl and acetyl esterase production of an anaerobic rumen fungus Neocallimastix sp. YQ2 effected by glucose and soluble nitrogen supplementations and its potential in the hydrolysis of fibrous feedstuffs

Changes in fibrolytic enzyme activity during vermicomposting of maize stover by an anecic earthworm Amynthas hupeiensis

“…The activity of AVI was assessed by determination of the released reducing sugar after incubation of crude enzyme solution with 0.5% (w/v) avicel (Co Sigma) for 0.5 h at 50 C with a microplate reader at 540 nm [55]. One unit of CMCase or AVI activity was defined as the amount of enzyme releasing 1.0 mmol reducing sugar under the assay conditions.…”

“…One unit of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme which releases 1 mmol pnitrophenol per minute under the described conditions. The activity of FAE was determined according to Yue et al [55], 100 mL of diluted crude enzyme solution was incubated with 200 mL of 100 mM methyl ferulate in 100 mM 3-(N-morpholino) propane sulfonic buffer (pH 6.0) at 40 C for 30 min, and the absorbance was measured by a microplate reader at 340 nm. One unit of enzyme activity was defined as the amount of enzyme which releases 1 mmol ferulic acid per minute under the described conditions.…”

Enzymatic characteristics of crude feruloyl and acetyl esterases of rumen fungus Neocallimastix sp. YAK11 isolated from yak (Bos grunniens)

“…Neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre contents, expressed inclusive of residual ash, were 684 and 384 g/kg DM, respectively. Following the method of Yue et al. (2009), 10‐mg samples of NDF cw were incubated in triplicate with 2 ml 1.0 m NaOH at 100 °C for 2 h in dark.…”

“…Ruminant animals, because of diet and environmental variations, could harbour a distinct population of rumen micro‐organisms. Rumen fungi are able to colonize ingested fibres by anchoring to plant materials with the rhizoid and producing a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes, including ferulic acid esterase (EC 3.1.1.73, FAE), acetyl esterase (EC 3.1.1.6, AE), xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) and carboxymethyl cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4, CMCase), which act synergistically on these substrates (Yue et al., 2009). Among these fibrolytic enzymes, FAEs are the enzymes responsible for cleaving the ester link between the polysaccharide main chain of xylans or pectins and monomeric or dimeric ferulic acid (Borneman et al., 1990), and AEs are enzymes that catalyse the liberation of acetyl groups from acetylated polysaccharides, such as pectins and xylans (Timell, 1967).…”

Rumen Microbial Ecosystem of Domesticated Ruminants

“…as compared to bacteria alone. Rumen fungi secrete an array of enzymes including esterases (feruloyl esterase, p-coumaryl esterase and acetyl esterase) which break the ester bonds between hemicelluloses and lignin, thus releasing free celluloses and hemicelluloses for the other microbes to attack (Wubah and Kim 1996 ;Yue et al 2009 ).…”