FeS2/carbon felt as an efficient electro-Fenton cathode for carbamazepine degradation and detoxification: In-depth discussion of reaction contribution and empirical kinetic model

Cui, Tingyu; Xiao, Zhihui; Wang, Zhenbei; Liu, Chao; Song, Zilong; Wang, Yiping; Zhang, Yuting; Li, Ruoyu; Xu, Bin; Qi, Fei; Ikhlaq, Amir

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117023

Cited by 34 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…An overabundance of Fe 2+ , however, will scavenge • OH, reducing the system's degrading efficiency, and higher initial Fe 2+ concentration is more likely to form iron mud. 28 In this study, when initial Fe 2+ concentration was 0.0 mmol L −1 , the LEV elimination rate was 91.93%, as illustrated in Fig. 5(a).…”

Section: The Performance Of the Modified Cathodesupporting

confidence: 53%

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Levofloxacin degradation in electro‐Fenton system with Fe@Co/GF composite cathode

Jia

Zhao

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND: Elements of transition metals have a distinct non-nuclear electronic structure, and modifying electrodes with transition metals can increase electrocatalytic activity. Due to its low cost and high electrical conductivity, graphite felt (GF) is frequently used as the carbon base material for modified electrodes. GF was treated with KOH and subsequently loaded with the bimetal Fe and Co to create a cathode (Fe@Co/GF) with enhanced catalytic activity in this study.RESULTS: Under optimal experimental conditions (initial levofloxacin (LEV) concentration of 30 mg L −1 , electric voltage of 8 V, GF thickness of 3 mm, an aeration rate of 3 × 4.5 L min −1 , Na 2 SO 4 concentration of 0.05 mol L −1 , initial Fe 2+ concentration of 0.1 mmol L −1 , initial pH of 3, KOH activation temperature of 900 °C and Fe@Co ratio of 1:3), the LEV elimination rate was 90.38% and the mineralization rate was 88.53% within 160 min. Compared to the GF cathode, both the total LEV degradation rate and the total mineralization rate increased by approximately 20%. When Fe@Co/GF was used as the cathode in an electro-Fenton (EF) system without an applied iron source, the Fenton reaction could still occur. In addition, Fe@Co/GF also promoted the degradation of ciprofloxacin in the EF system. CONCLUSION: According to morphological and other statistical data, the modified cathode has a larger specific surface area, larger pores and a greater number of active sites. Electrochemical performance measurements indicate that the modified cathode is more responsive to current. Fe@Co/GF cathode was simple to prepare and contributed significantly to the LEV removal process when used as the cathode in an EF system, thereby decreasing the LEV degradation time.

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Section: The Performance Of the Modified Cathodesupporting

confidence: 53%

“…As a result, a small quantity of Fe 2+ must be introduced into the electrolyte to start the Fenton reaction. An overabundance of Fe 2+ , however, will scavenge • OH, reducing the system's degrading efficiency, and higher initial Fe 2+ concentration is more likely to form iron mud 28 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levofloxacin degradation in electro‐Fenton system with Fe@Co/GF composite cathode

Jia

Zhao

et al. 2023

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…All the aforementioned served as strong evidence proving the suitability of EF-FeS 2 / GF for the CLQ removal considering the fact that the ecotoxicities of the terminal intermediates were lower than CLQ in terms view of the three aforementioned indexes. 37,55 This judgment was further supported by the low values of bioconcentration factors of the degradation intermediates shown in Figure 7d as well as the classification of the majority of the degradation intermediates as "Mutagenicity negative" demonstrated in Figure 7e, compared with the "Mutagenicity positive" nature of CLQ. It needs to be highlighted that the aforementioned could be better supported by ecotoxicitiesrelated experiments, which warrants future specific research.…”

Section: Contributions Of Different Involving Pathways To Clq Removalmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Though the first intermediates P1 and P2 possessed lower LC 50 (i.e., categorized as "Toxic" or even "Very toxic" to Daphnia magna and fathead minnow), further degradation products generated as the reactions proceeded presented much higher LC 50 values and were therefore defined as only "Harmful" (e.g., P6) or even "Not harmful" (e.g., P11). 37,54 Figure 7c displays the ecotoxicity changes during the CLQ degradation process in terms of the growth inhibition on T. pyriformis. Compared with the low inhibition growth concentration 50% (IGC 50 ) of CLQ (i.e., 1.13 mg/L), the corresponding values of the degradation intermediates were significantly increased: most of them (e.g., P9, P11, and P12) were considered as "Not harmful", indicating that the growth inhibition of CLQ was higher than its degradation intermediates.…”

Section: Contributions Of Different Involving Pathways To Clq Removalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Chloroquine Removal by Electro-Fenton with FeS₂-Modified Cathode: Performance, Influencing Factors, Pathway Contributions, and Degradation Mechanisms

Lin

Chen

et al. 2023

ACS EST Water

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The application of chloroquine (CLQ) due to its antibacterial/antiviral nature and high potential of being persistent and bioaccumulative poses a significant environmental threat. In this study, the electro-Fenton (EF) process with pyrite (FeS2)-modified graphite felt (FeS2/GF) as the cathode (EF-FeS2/GF), capable of providing a stable acidic environment with a solution pH of 3.0 was constructed and found to (i) achieve 83.3 ± 0.4% 60 min CLQ removal and (ii) maintain about 60.0% CLQ removal during consecutive batch tests. FeS2 loading amount, current density applied, and spacing between electrodes all influenced the efficacy of EF-FeS2/GF, with the optimum CLQ removal obtained at 10 mg, 150 mA, and 2.0 cm, respectively. Adsorption and electrocatalysis were both observed to contribute to the CLQ removal while the EF process with the verified functioning of ·OH played a dominant role. Based on the detected intermediates with identified ecotoxicities, two main paths were postulated to describe the degradation processes which led to the mineralization of CLQ. These findings supported that the EF-FeS2/GF could be an efficient technology to treat wastewater contaminated with CLQ.

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“…Due to the Joule phenomenon, the improvement in treatment efficiency achieved by KCl and NaCl can be related to their strong movement by guaranteeing the good passage of the current and diminishing the fatalities of energy in heat. The presence of OH • and chlorine ions simultaneously increased the degradation of dye (Cui et al, 2021 ). With an increase in the concentration of electrolytes, the concentration of the present ions in the solution increased which is responsible for the passage of the electric current, whereas the electrical resistance decreased.…”

Section: Influential Parameters On Heterogeneous Electro-fentonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and Future Roadmaps in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process for Wastewater Treatment

Shokri

Nasernejad

Fard

2023

Water Air Soil Pollut

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FeS2/carbon felt as an efficient electro-Fenton cathode for carbamazepine degradation and detoxification: In-depth discussion of reaction contribution and empirical kinetic model

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Levofloxacin degradation in electro‐Fenton system with Fe@Co/GF composite cathode

Levofloxacin degradation in electro‐Fenton system with Fe@Co/GF composite cathode

Efficient Chloroquine Removal by Electro-Fenton with FeS₂-Modified Cathode: Performance, Influencing Factors, Pathway Contributions, and Degradation Mechanisms

Challenges and Future Roadmaps in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process for Wastewater Treatment

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FeS2/carbon felt as an efficient electro-Fenton cathode for carbamazepine degradation and detoxification: In-depth discussion of reaction contribution and empirical kinetic model

Cited by 34 publications

References 48 publications

Levofloxacin degradation in electro‐Fenton system with Fe@Co/GF composite cathode

Levofloxacin degradation in electro‐Fenton system with Fe@Co/GF composite cathode

Efficient Chloroquine Removal by Electro-Fenton with FeS2-Modified Cathode: Performance, Influencing Factors, Pathway Contributions, and Degradation Mechanisms

Challenges and Future Roadmaps in Heterogeneous Electro-Fenton Process for Wastewater Treatment

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Efficient Chloroquine Removal by Electro-Fenton with FeS₂-Modified Cathode: Performance, Influencing Factors, Pathway Contributions, and Degradation Mechanisms