Fetal Bovine Serum and the Slaughter of Pregnant Cows: Animal Welfare and Ethics

Nielsen, Ole Bødtker; Biowest,; Hawkes, Percy

doi:10.12665/j18oa.hawkes

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In recent years, FBS production methods have come under scrutiny because of animal welfare concerns. FBS is harvested from bovine fetuses taken from pregnant cows during slaughter [27]. The common method of harvesting the fetus is by cardiac puncture without any anesthesia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of diploid embryonic sheep heart cells and sensitivity study of three poxviruses: Lumpy skin disease, Camelpox viruses, and Ecthyma

Rhazi¹,

Tifrouin

Mikou³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), Camelpox virus (CPV), and Ecthyma virus (ORFV), the three representative viruses of Poxvirus family, are usually grown on embryonated eggs or primary cells for isolation or production since continuous cell lines are less sensitive. The use of eggs or primary cells presents disadvantages such as availability, potential endogenous contaminants, and limited number of passages. In this study, we developed a diploid cell, originated from an embryonic sheep heart and demonstrated their high prolificity and capability of long-term storage. We also demonstrated the maintain of the diploid cell sensitivity to isolation and growth of three genera of Poxvirus family; Capripoxvirus (LSDV), Orthopoxvirus (CPV) and Parapoxvirus (ORFV). Developed cell grow with a doubling time of 24h and can reach 40 passages with a satisfactory yield comparable to Lamb primary testis at passage 5. After infection, the titer of each Poxvirus is maintained between 7, 0 and 7,6 log TCID50/ml up to 5 passages, around 6,8 for the three viruses at passages 6 to 25, 6,4 at passage 30 and 5,6 at passage 40. Sensitivity of diploid embryonic heart cells did not decrease after long-term conservation in liquid nitrogen. Results showed a higher sensitivity of those cells comparatively to lamb primary testis, intensively used for Capripoxvirus and parapoxvirus detection and growth or Vero cells for Orthopoxvirus. The study demonstrated the interest of embryonic heart diploid cells for poxvirus isolation and production to avoid constraints of eggs, embryo, or primary cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of diploid embryonic sheep heart cells and sensitivity study of three poxviruses: Lumpy skin disease, Camelpox viruses, and Ecthyma

Rhazi¹,

Tifrouin

Mikou³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…These include amino acids, proteins, vitamins (particularly fatsoluble vitamins such as A, D, E, and K), carbohydrates, lipids, hormones, growth factors, minerals, and trace elements (9) . In addition, serum buffers inactivate the culture medium proteolytic enzymes, increase the average viscosity, and maintain the conditions for the growth surface of the culture container (10,11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caracterización del suero bovino fetal proveniente de la industria cárnica mexicana en el cultivo celular

Preciado-Gutiérrez

Masuoka

Barrera-Bernal

et al. 2023

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

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The present work aims to characterize a fetal bovine serum (FBS) obtained from the meat industry for use in cell culture. FBS is the most widely used supplement for cell culture since its complex composition provides the necessary nutrients for the growth of most cells. It is a by-product of the meat industry, and its availability and production depend mainly on two uncontrollable external factors, climatic conditions and changes in beef consumption. According to the strict quality features of the International Serum Industry Association (ISIA), tests for total proteins, osmolarity, presence or absence of pathogenic biological agents, pH, DNA concentration, biological contaminants, negative results, and cell viability were performed. The characterization of the serum in the DNA and total protein concentration tests showed significant differences. Additionally, osmolarity and pH did not present significant differences between groups. Regarding the viability test, no complication for cell growth was observed despite the differences found in the characterization. The results showed that the serum obtained from the meat industry could maintain cell cultures and allow cell proliferation compared to commercial serum. Furthermore, if FBS is not available, some kinds of plasma can be used as a surrogate to maintain cell cultures.

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“…However, in some cases, breeding heifers are slaughtered (Saxmose et al, 2019). Producers may need to be made aware that animals sent to the slaughterhouse are pregnant for different reasons, such as the lack of pregnancy tests, misdiagnosis, or little information on the part of farmers (Nielsen and Hawkes, 2019). The slaughter of animals in slaughterhouses has shown that not only conventional non-breeding cattle are slaughtered for meat but also pregnant and lactating productive females (Gregory and Grandín, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slaughter of pregnant cows in the municipal abbattoir of Pijijiapan, Chiapas, Mexico

Cerrilla¹,

Osio-Martínez²,

Zetina-Córdoba³

et al. 2022

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Objective: To quantify the percentage of breeding heifers slaughtered and the stage of gestation of the product, in the municipal slaughterhouse of Pijijiapan, Chiapas. Approximation: A large number of breeding heifers are sent to the slaughterhouse due to various factors such as the few gestations diagnostic tests that are carried out in the field, as well as erroneous diagnoses. Another cause is the dry season, in which the forage capacity is reduced, and the producer must dispose of animals in his productive unit, including breeding heifers, thus decreasing the population of the cattle herd. This situation can be considered as an animal welfare problem. Methodology: The total number of cattle slaughtered in four months was recorded, as well as the number of females and it was recorded whether they were pregnant or not and the gestation period of the calf. Results: Cattle individuals (428) were slaughtered, of which 399 were females (93.22%) and 29 males (6.78%). Of the females, 211 (53%) were pregnant, 39.81% in the first third of gestation, 27.48% in the second and 32.22% in the third. Limitations: It is necessary to increase the period of the study and not only in this municipality, but also to implement similar research it in other slaughterhouses in Chiapas, in order to understand this problem better

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Fetal Bovine Serum and the Slaughter of Pregnant Cows: Animal Welfare and Ethics

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Development of diploid embryonic sheep heart cells and sensitivity study of three poxviruses: Lumpy skin disease, Camelpox viruses, and Ecthyma

Development of diploid embryonic sheep heart cells and sensitivity study of three poxviruses: Lumpy skin disease, Camelpox viruses, and Ecthyma

Caracterización del suero bovino fetal proveniente de la industria cárnica mexicana en el cultivo celular

Slaughter of pregnant cows in the municipal abbattoir of Pijijiapan, Chiapas, Mexico

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