Fetal development of the mesonephric artery in humans with reference to replacement by the adrenal and renal arteries

Hinata, Nobuyuki; Suzuki, Ryoji; Ishizawa, Akimitsu; Rodríguez‐Vázquez, José Francisco; Murakami, Gen; Fujisawa, Masato

doi:10.1016/j.aanat.2015.07.005

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The ascent of the kidney from the sacral level to a level above the aortic bifurcation seemed to depend on the growth of the kidney itself, that is, its elongation along the craniocaudal axis. At the beginning of this study, we noted that the umbilical artery was a major obstacle during the early phase of the ascent, because the artery was as thick as the kidney and the bilateral arteries formed a pair of arches that stood upright in the pelvis (Hinata et al, ; Naito et al, ). Although we initially thought that the kidney moved over the arterial arch based on our examinations of the sagittal sections, our examinations of the frontal sections led us to revise our first impression, and we found that the kidney was slender initially and that it grew upwards through a narrow space between the bilateral origins of the umbilical arteries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…One of the authors (A.I.) had taken photographs of the fifth specimen in Kyoto during a previous study (Hinata et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O'Rahilly and Müller () explained that, during the kidney's ascent, it “taps” segmental blood vessels at increasingly higher cranial levels, and that the last (most superior) vessel to be tapped becomes the renal artery. Such switching of the arteries that feed the ascending kidney was first postulated by Felix () in the so‐called, “ladder theory.” However, Hinata et al () reported that the final renal artery appears after the kidney's ascent to the level of the first lumbar vertebra has been established, and that the segmental mesonephric arteries disappear from the area around the ascending kidney. Thus, it seems unlikely that the kidney uses the mesonephric arteries as a ladder for the ascent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Embryonic Ascent of the Kidney Revisited

Fukuoka

Wilting

Rodríguez‐Vázquez

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

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Although the embryonic kidney's ascent is well established, the intermediate morphological changes that occur during the process are unclear. To evaluate the morphological events that accompany the kidney's ascent, we examined serial sagittal sections from 24 embryos at 5–7 weeks gestation. Six specimens had bilaterally ascending kidneys that were between the levels of the second to fifth lumbar vertebrae, and each kidney had a primitive renal cortex surrounding clusters of ampullae, which branched from the pelvis, and a dense tissue band that connected the renal cortex with the embryonic adrenal cortex or celiac ganglia, and there was no adipose capsule or renal artery. The tissue band contained abundant nerve twigs from the major splanchnic nerve; thus, it was conceivable that it was sufficiently rigid to support the length of the retroperitoneal tissue mass that included the embryonic adrenal cortex, celiac ganglia, and kidney. The lumbar vertebral body's height was much shorter than that of the ascending kidney. However, the lower vertebral column's curvature was often maintained, even when the kidneys had ascended. Therefore, vertebral column straightening was not the only factor required to drive the ascent. Together with the growth of the thorax and liver, the adrenal cortex, ganglia, and kidney appeared to change simultaneously at a position relative to the vertebrae. The renal artery established a connection to the renal cortex after the ascent. Evaluations of frontal sections from five additional specimens suggested that from its initial position, the kidney extended upwards between bilateral umbilical arteries. Anat Rec, 302:278–287, 2019. © 2018 The Authors. The Anatomical Record: Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…One of the authors (A.I.) had taken photographs of the fifth specimen in Kyoto during a previous study (Hinata et al, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Embryonic Ascent of the Kidney Revisited

Fukuoka

Wilting

Rodríguez‐Vázquez

et al. 2018

The Anatomical Record

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…Thus, rather than segments with multiple segmental branches, our data suggest that there are more than five distinct segments. This great variability of number of branches for each segment could be explained considering the embryologic development of the kidney: according to the classic so‐called “ladder theory,” the mesonephric arteries have a segmental arrangement and persist after regression of the mesonephros changing into the definitive phrenic, adrenal, renal, accessory renal, and gonadal arteries (Hinata et al, ). Another theory, the “network theory,” was proposed by Evans, which states that arteries and veins are selected from primitive capillary beds by blood flow (Evans, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of anatomical and radiological analysis suggests more segments in the human kidney

et al. 2018

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An increasing number of observations have called the general scheme of five renal segments into question: anatomists, radiologists, and surgeons have reported discrepancies between Graves's scheme and morphological observations. The aims of the present study are: (1) to assess the correspondence between a virtual and a real vascular cast of the kidney; (2) to analyze the arterial anatomy with reference to the renal segments. Fifteen kidneys were injected with acrylic resins to obtain vascular casts, which were also analyzed by computed tomography. A mean of 6.3 (range 4–8) avascular fissures was found, indicating a mean of 7.3 segments (range 5–9). In the superior and middle territories there was a single segment in 4 (26.7%) and 8 (53.3%) cases, respectively, and there were two segments in 11 (73.3%) and in 7 (46.7%) cases, respectively. In the inferior territory there was a single segment in two cases (13.3%), two segments in nine (60%), and three segments in four (26.7%). A mean segmental volume of 550.5 mm3 was calculated; the posterior (1,030.1 mm3, 28.9%) and inferior (450.3 mm3, 24.2%) segments were the largest. More third order branches were identified in the inferior segments than in the other segments (three branches of the inferior segmental artery in 26.6%). According to these data the inferior segment occupies the inferior pole, extending both anteriorly and posteriorly. In conclusion, the high correspondence between a virtual and a real vascular cast permits more segments to be identified than those described by Graves, and the volume of each segment can be calculated. Clin. Anat., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…We believe the etiology of this vessel to be from failure of regression of an embryologic renal artery connecting the aorta to the mesonephros, which is highly vascular and the principal excretory organ during embryologic life between weeks 4 and 8 in gestation. 2 Although the mesonephros degenerated normally, this vessel persisted into adulthood. There were no branches along the path of this vessel, suggesting a congenital origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%