Fetal penile length

Abstract

Measurement of the fetal penis is easy and not time-consuming. In cases of bladder outflow obstruction, assessment of penile length assists in the differentiation between urethral agenesis and posterior urethral valves.

Micropenis: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches

“…Fetal androgen levels are high between the 8th and 24th weeks of gestation, with peak levels often observed between the 14th and 16th weeks. Consequently, there is a marked increase in penile length during the second and third trimesters, with an increase of approximately 20 mm from weeks 16 to 38 (4,5). It can thus be deduced that a true micropenis is caused by a hormonal abnormality that occurs after the 12th week of gestation (6).…”

Sonographic measurement of corpus spongiosum in male fetuses

“…(), and in 419 fetuses by Zalel et al . () as well as a series of 95 cases by Johnson and Maxwell (). The median values we observed (5.8 mm at 18 weeks and 26.6 mm at 40 weeks) are in agreement with theirs.…”

“…Because the erect length of the penis is virtually impossible to obtain in infants, the stretched length is used as the reference value (Schonfeld, 1943;Wessells et al, 1996). In most studies, in utero sonographic determination of male external genitalia is based on measurement of penile length, determination of scrotal size and/or the descent and diameter of the testes (Achiron et al, 1998;Johnson and Maxwell, 2000;Rotondi et al, 2001;Zalel et al, 2001). There are few literature data concerning fetal corpus spongiosum growth.…”

In utero gratification behaviour in male fetus

“…Fetal masturbation has been described previously but there has not been further description of this behaviour from that point on. However, the fetal penile erection is more frequently observed and described, it is possible to measure its length using ultrasounds and it has been described as the normal penile growth in utero by providing nomogram‐like MRI data on fetal penile length used in the prenatal diagnosis of normality of external genitalia.…”