2013
DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.1135
|View full text |Cite
|
Sign up to set email alerts
|

Micropenis: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches

Abstract: Micropenis is a medical diagnosis based on correct measurement of length. If stretched penile length is below the value corresponding to - 2.5 standard deviation of the mean in a patient with normal internal and external male genitalia, a diagnosis of micropenis is considered. Micropenis can be caused by a variety of factors including structural or hormonal defects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. It can also be a component of a number of congenital syndromes. For the etiological evaluation, endocri… Show more

Help me understand this report

Search citation statements

Order By: Relevance

Paper Sections

Select...
2
1
1
1

Citation Types

1
72
0
4

Year Published

2016
2016
2023
2023

Publication Types

Select...
8
2

Relationship

0
10

Authors

Journals

citations
Cited by 111 publications
(77 citation statements)
references
References 42 publications
1
72
0
4
Order By: Relevance
“…Micropenis may also reflect an impairment specific to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, including isolated hypogonadism, poorly functioning, dysgenetic testicular tissue with malignant potential or partial androgen insensitivity [ 6 , 7 ]. Early diagnosis of micropenis is important, because it allows for various treatment options to be implemented early [ 8 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Micropenis may also reflect an impairment specific to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, including isolated hypogonadism, poorly functioning, dysgenetic testicular tissue with malignant potential or partial androgen insensitivity [ 6 , 7 ]. Early diagnosis of micropenis is important, because it allows for various treatment options to be implemented early [ 8 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Case series on Kleefstra syndrome [1, 4, 10] do not report the endocrine evaluation of these patients presenting with associated genital anomalies limiting the available pool of knowledge to identify its underlying mechanism. Micropenis etiology can be classified as primary hypogonadism, insufficient testosterone secretion (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism), testosterone activation defect, developmental, or idiopathic [11]. Chromosome 9q34.3 overlaps the nasal embryonic LH-releasing hormone factor (NELF) gene which is associated with some patients with autosomal dominant idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism [12].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…If micropenis is present (<1.9 cm from 0–6 months of life) or the family desires further discussion regarding endocrinologic manifestations in infancy, referral to a pediatric endocrinologist should be sought. 116 If cryptorchidism (persistent > 6 months), inguinal hernia, or any other urogenital malformations are present, the infant should be referred to Urology.…”
Section: Testicular Development and Functionmentioning
confidence: 99%