Fetal Responses to Maternal Strength Conditioning Exercises in Late Gestation

Avery, Nicole; Stocking, Kimberley D.; Tranmer, Joan; Davies, Gregory; Wolfe, Larry A.

doi:10.1139/h99-028

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Even with the accumulation of sets and the increase in total exercise time, no FHR alterations were found. These results are similar to those of Avery et al 12 , who tested (n=12, gestational age 31±1 weeks) the performance of bilateral leg extension exercise with 3 sets of 10 repetitions at 50, 70 and 90% of 10-RM and found no significant difference in FHR between all intensities measured.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…As originally hypothesized, the current study demonstrated that FHR was not altered by maternal resistance exercise and during 25 minutes of post-exercise recovery. All fetuses showed a normal response, between 120-160 bpm, indicating that the fetuses did not experience hypoxia and their well-being was not compromised throughout the exercise or during recovery 12,19 . In the present study, one protocol of a single type of exercise was assessed each day the women visited the laboratory, which may indicate that the duration of the muscle contraction was small and did not reflect in the FHR response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…However, there is a lack in the literature about the fetal responses during maternal resistance exercise. Nevertheless, pregnant women were tested while performing three different resistance exercises and fetal well-being was not compromised 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study

Bgeginski¹,

Almada²,

Kruel³

2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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PURPOSE: To determine fetal heart rate (FHR) responses to maternal resistance exercise for the upper and lower body at two different volumes, and after 25 minutes post-exercise. METHODS: Ten pregnant women (22-24 weeks gestation, 25.2±4.4 years of age, 69.8±9.5 kg, 161.6±5.2 cm tall) performed, at 22-24, 28-32 and 34-36 weeks, the following experimental sessions: Session 1 was a familiarization with the equipment and the determination of one estimated maximum repetition. For sessions 2, 3, 4 and 5,FHR was determined during the execution of resistance exercise on bilateral leg extension and pec-deck fly machines, with 1 and 3 sets of 15 repetitions; 50% of the weight load and an estimated repetition maximum. FHR was assessed with a portable digital cardiotocograph. Results were analyzed using Student's t test, ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni (α=0.05; SPSS 17.0). RESULTS: FHR showed no significant differences between the exercises at 22-24 weeks (bilateral leg extension=143.8±9.4 bpm, pec-deck fly=140.2±10.2 bpm, p=0.34), 28-30 weeks (bilateral leg extension=138.4±12.2 bpm, pec-deck fly=137.6±14.0 bpm, p=0.75) and 34-36 weeks (bilateral leg extension=135.7±5.8 bpm, pec-deck fly=139.7±13.3 bpm, p=0.38), between the volumes(bilateral leg extension at 22-24 weeks: p=0.36, at 28-30 weeks: p=0.19 and at 34-36 weeks: p=0.87; pec-deck fly at 22-24 weeks: p=0.43, at 28-30 weeks: p=0.61 and at 34-36 weeks: p=0.49) and after 25 minutes post-exercise. CONCLUSION: Results of this pilot study would suggest that maternal resistance exercise is safe for the fetus. ResumoOBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar a frequência cardíaca fetal (FCF) enquanto gestantes realizavam exercícios de força para os membros superiores e inferiores, com dois volumes diferentes, e 25 minutos pós-exercício. MÉTODOS: Dez gestantes (22-24 semanas, 25,2±4,4 anos, 69,8±9,5 kg, 161,6±5,2 cm) realizaram as seguintes sessões experimentais com 22-24, 28-32 e 34-36 semanas de gestação: A Sessão 1 foi a familiarização com os equipamentos e determinação de uma repetição máxima estimada. Para as Sessões 2, 3, 4 e 5, foi determinada a FCF durante a execução do exercício de força nos equipamentos extensão de joelhos bilateral e voador, com 1 e 3 séries de 15 repetições e carga de 50% de uma repetição máxima estimada. A FCF foi avaliada com um cardiotocógrafo digital portátil. Os resultados foram analisados com teste t de Student, ANOVA com medidas repetidas e Bonferroni (α=0,05; SPSS 17.0). RESULTADOS: A FCF não demonstrou diferença significativa entre os exercícios com 22-24 semanas (extensão de joelhos bilateral=143,8±9,4 bpm, voador=140,2±10,2 bpm, p=0,34), 28-30 semanas (extensão de joelhos bilateral=138,4±12,2 bpm, voador=137,6±14,0 bpm, p=0,75) e 34-36 semanas (extensão de joelhos bilateral=135, 7±5,8 bpm, voador=139,7±13,3 bpm, p=0,38), entre os volumes (extensão de joelhos bilateral com 22-24 semanas: p=0,36, 28-30 semanas: p=0,19 e 34-36 semanas: p=0,87; voador com 22-24 semanas: p=0,43, 28-30 semanas: p=0,61 e 34-36 ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study

Bgeginski¹,

Almada²,

Kruel³

2015

Rev. Bras. Ginecol. Obstet.

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“…Slediti je treba občutku in telesni kondiciji.7 Znano je, da kratkotrajna submaksimalna vadba pri nosečnici in plodu ne povzroči negativnih odzivov. 41,61 Vadba, ki uporablja manjša bremena, ali na splošno bolj razširjena pod imenom fitnes, je v svetu med nosečnicami zelo razširjena. To je vadba na posebnih napravah, trenažerjih, ki obremenijo točno določeno skupino mišic ali celo posamezno mišico, obenem pa omogočajo zelo natančno določitev intenzivnosti vadbe.…”

Section: Fitnesunclassified

Priporočila za telesno dejavnost nosečnic

et al. 2015

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Properly selected and prescribed physical activity during pregnancy has a favorable effects on the health of pregnant women and the fetus, and is excellent preparation for childbirth. Absolute and relative contraindications to exercise during pregnancy are well defined, as well as the warning signs to terminate exercise while pregnant. Knowledge of these is essential for physically active pregnant women and exercise professionals that work with pregnant women. Pregnant women should be moderately physically active every day of the week for at least 30 minutes. The term moderate is thoroughly and clearly defined in the guidelines. Resistance exercises during pregnancy are safe but it is advised to use light loads and a large number of repetitions (e.g. 15-20 repetitions). Strength exercises for the pelvic floor muscles deserves a special place during pregnancy. Appropriate forms of physical activity for pregnant women are walking and jogging, swimming and aquatic exercise, cycling, Pilates and yoga, aerobics, fitness and cross-country skiing. Certain forms of physical activity need special adjustments (alpine skiing, ice skating and rollerblading, racket sports, team ball games, horseback riding and scuba diving).

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“…A scarce amount of research exists regarding the effects of other training modes, such as resistance training or circuit training during pregnancy, on fetal health and development as well as any continued benefits for the neonate, especially with regards to cardiovascular development and function. Research to date has only determined that various modes of maternal exercise training do not present undue risk to fetal or neonatal development [2,[24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of exercise mode on pregnancy outcomes: ENHANCED by Mom project

Moyer

Livingston²,

Fang³

et al. 2015

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background: The extent of the benefits of exercise training during pregnancy on maternal, fetal, and neonatal health outcomes has not been sufficiently addressed. While aerobic exercise training has been determined as safe and efficacious throughout pregnancy, the effects of other training modes on fetal health and development as well as any continued benefits for the neonate, especially with regards to cardiovascular development and function, is largely unknown. In the ENHANCED by Mom study we aim to determine the effects of different modes of exercise training (aerobic, circuit, and resistance) throughout pregnancy on childhood health by controlling individual exercise programs and assessing the effects of each on fetal and neonatal health adaptations. Methods/Design: ENHANCED by mom is a cross sectional comparison study utilizing 3 intervention groups in comparison to a control group. Participants will complete three 5 min warmup + 45 min sessions weekly from 16 weeks to 36 weeks gestation of aerobic, resistance, or circuit training, in comparison to non-exercising controls. Maternal physical measurements will occur every 4 weeks throughout the intervention period. Fetal morphometric and heart measurements will occur at 34 weeks gestation. Neonatal measurements will be acquired at birth and at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. Discussion: A better understanding on the effects of exercise training during pregnancy on fetal and neonatal health could have a profound impact on the prevention and development of chronic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

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Fetal Responses to Maternal Strength Conditioning Exercises in Late Gestation

Cited by 63 publications

References 19 publications

Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study

Fetal heart rate responses during maternal resistance exercise: a pilot study

Priporočila za telesno dejavnost nosečnic

Influence of exercise mode on pregnancy outcomes: ENHANCED by Mom project

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