Fetal viability and fetal growth after prolonged uterine contractions induced by progesterone withdrawal in late pregnancy in rats

Arkaravichien, Wiwat; Kendle, K. E.

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0960299

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In all cases, the fetuses were clearly full term, but were dead and often exhibited gross morphological abnormalities (Figure 6). It is not known whether these abnormalities were the cause or the result of protracted labor, although it has been shown in rats that fetal death usually does not occur for at least 32 h after the onset of labor (68). This raises the possibility that fetal growth abnormalities may be more common in Clock mutants.…”

Section: The Role Of the Scn And Circadian Rhythms In The Establishmementioning

confidence: 99%

Central Circadian Control of Female Reproductive Function

2014

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Over the past two decades, it has become clear just how much of our physiology is under the control of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the cell-intrinsic molecular clock that ticks with a periodicity of approximately 24 h. The SCN prepares our digestive system for meals, our adrenal axis for the stress of waking up in the morning, and the genes expressed in our muscles when we prepare to exercise. Long before molecular studies of genes such as Clock, Bmal1, and the Per homologs were possible, it was obvious that female reproductive function was under strict circadian control at every level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and in the establishment and successful maintenance of pregnancy. This review highlights our current understanding of the role that the SCN plays in regulating female reproductive physiology, with a special emphasis on the advances made possible through the use of circadian mutant mice.

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Section: The Role Of the Scn And Circadian Rhythms In The Establishmementioning

confidence: 99%

Central Circadian Control of Female Reproductive Function

2014

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“…Progesterone is required for decidual growth (Deanesly 1973), and it inhibits the uterine contractions that expel fetuses (Fuchs 1978, Arkaravichien & Kendle 1992. Uterine immune function is reduced by progesteroneinduced proteins secreted by the uterus (Zhang & Miller 1989, Liu & Hansen 1993, and together with estrogen, progesterone develops the uterine tissue framework so as to maintain low intrauterine pressure in the ovariectomized pregnant rat .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride on fetuses and uteri in late pregnant rats

Tamada¹,

Shimizu²,

Inaba³

et al. 2004

Journal of Endocrinology

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It is well known that progesterone and estrogen are essential hormones for maintaining pregnancy in most mammals. Some specific roles of progesterone for the maintenance of pregnancy have been clarified, but the role of estrogen is not well known. This study examines the effects of the aromatase inhibitor, fadrozole hydrochloride (Fad), on fetuses, uterine physical properties and the mRNA expression of the uterine enzymes that are related to collagen metabolism during late pregnancy in rats. Continuous s.c. infusion with 300 µg/day Fad from day 14 of pregnancy (day 1=the day of sperm detection) reduced the concentration of plasma estradiol-17 (E 2 ), and did not change that of plasma progesterone, compared with controls. The treatment increased the intrauterine pressure and reduced the size and compliance of the uterine tissue framework. It also caused injuries (hematomata on the extremities) in about one-quarter of fetuses by day 20. The collagen content of the uterine ampullae was not changed by the treatment. Uterine mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which degrades collagens, and of lysyl oxidase (LO), which is necessary for the formation of intra-and inter-molecular cross-links of collagen, were examined by quantitative RT-PCR. The treatment with Fad had no effect on the expression of MMP-1 mRNA and increased that of LO mRNA. Daily s.c. injection with 0·2 µg E 2 restored the changes in uterine physical properties and the mRNA expression of LO caused by the Fad treatment, and prevented fetal injury, indicating that the influences of Fad treatment are due to estrogen deficiency but not to toxicological effects of Fad. These results imply that estrogen deficiency during late pregnancy in rats obstructs development of the uterine tissue framework so as to cause fetal injury. It is possible that an increase in the uterine expression of LO gene may be involved in this obstruction.

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“…The estrogen used in that combination with P 4 was either estrone (Harper et al 1966;Ahmad 1971;Callard & Leathem 1971) or E 2 (Hall 1957;Yochim & Zarrow 1961;Csapo & Wiest 1969;Pijnenborg et al 1975;Miller 1978;Tamada & Ichikawa 1980;Arkaravichien & Kendle 1992;Milligan & Finn 1997). Thus, daily administration of 4 mg of P 4 was fully effective for supporting pregnancy in gerbils, which is similar to the dose that sustained pregnancy in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…However, 4 mg of P 4 is not an optimal treatment for the maintenance of pregnancy in Ovx rats; the administration of estrogen together with this dose of P 4 resulted in a higher fetal survival rate and a higher rate of maintenance of pregnancy in Ovx animals. The estrogen used in that combination with P 4 was either estrone (Harper et al 1966;Ahmad 1971;Callard & Leathem 1971) or E 2 (Hall 1957;Yochim & Zarrow 1961;Csapo & Wiest 1969;Pijnenborg et al 1975;Miller 1978;Tamada & Ichikawa 1980;Arkaravichien & Kendle 1992;Milligan & Finn 1997). Tamada and Ichikawa (1980) injected 4 mg of P 4 + 200 ng of E 2 to rescue the fetuses at day 14 of pregnancy in Ovx rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Maintenance of pregnancy in ovariectomized Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

Kai

Matsumoto

Takinosawa

et al. 2002

Animal Science Journal

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Bilateral ovariectomy (Ovx) was carried out on day 20 of pregnancy in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The body weights of all groups tended to decrease on the day after the operation, and the decrease was significant in the group that was ovariectomized and given vehicle (Ovx + vehicle group). The body weight in this group never recovered until autopsy on day 24, which is normally 1 day before parturition. No fetuses survived to the time of autopsy in any of the animals of the Ovx + vehicle group. Daily administration of 4 mg of progesterone (P 4 ) prevented the termination of pregnancy in Ovx animals, but 1 mg did not. Treatment with estradiol 17b (E 2 ) in addition to 4 mg of P 4 tended to result in a lower rate of fetal survival than that of the Ovx group treated with 4 mg of P 4 alone. With regard to fetal weight, treatment with 4 mg of P 4 resulted in the same weight as in the sham-operated controls, but the addition of 0.2 or 1 mg of E 2 to the 4 mg of P 4 resulted in a significantly lower weight than that of fetuses in the 4 mg of P 4 group. The present study suggests that adequate maintenance of pregnancy in ovariectomized gerbils can be achieved by daily treatment with 4 mg of P 4 alone. Moreover, treatment with 0.2 or 1 mg of E 2 in addition to 4 mg of P 4 caused a deterioration in the maintenance of gestation, in contrast to the effects in rats, mice and hamsters.

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Fetal viability and fetal growth after prolonged uterine contractions induced by progesterone withdrawal in late pregnancy in rats

Abstract: Summary. The It is concluded that increased uterine contractile activity sustained for 32 h or less does not reduce fetal viability, but longer periods ofcontraction may be the cause of fetal death.

Cited by 9 publications

References 13 publications

Central Circadian Control of Female Reproductive Function

Central Circadian Control of Female Reproductive Function

The effects of the aromatase inhibitor fadrozole hydrochloride on fetuses and uteri in late pregnant rats

Maintenance of pregnancy in ovariectomized Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)

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