Fiber Optic Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature Based on Internal-and- External-Cavity Fabry–Pérot Interferometer Configuration

Zhou, Cheng; Zhou, Qian; He, Chun; Tian, Jiajun; Sun, Yunxu; Yao, Yong

doi:10.1109/jsen.2021.3059021

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…3(c)-e)]. According to the previously reported literature [42], the upper envelope of the OCFPI was entirely determined by the single open cavity (FPI1), which confirmed that the upper envelope of the OCFPI fully reflected the FPI1 information. The information of the sensitive cavity (FPI1) could be directly obtained by tracking the upper envelope.…”

Section: B Experimental Setup and Working Principlesupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Therefore, M-factor of the OCFPI was calculated to be approximately 11, which was consistent with the theoretical calculation using (3). The temperature sensitivity of OCFPI improved from −0.32 to −3.4 nm/℃ with the help of the fourth-order harmonic Vernier effect, which was much higher than the traditional internaland external-cavity FPIs with low sensitivity of 3.5 pm/℃ [42].…”

Section: A Temperature Measurement and Repeatabilitymentioning

confidence: 87%

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Ultrahigh Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect

Chen

Tian

et al. 2023

IEEE Sensors J.

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A high-sensitivity and miniature open cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer (OCFPI) encapsulated with the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film based on high-order harmonic Vernier effect is designed and experimentally investigated. To the best of our knowledge, PDMS is applied for the first time to fill the open cavity of Fabry-Perot interferometer to obtain high-temperature sensitivity. The resonant dip (peak) wavelength of the designed temperature sensor monotonically moves toward the shortwave direction as the temperature increases from 40°C to 60°C due to the effects of expansion and thermo-optic property of PDMS. The proposed OCFPI encapsulated with PDMS film provides the following excellent performance advantages. (1) Compared with traditional all-fiber air-cavity OCFPIs with temperature sensitivity of approximately 10 pm/°C, the proposed OCFPI sensor has a much higher temperature sensitivity of −3.4 nm/°C at the temperature range of 40°C-60°C with a magnification factor (M-factor) of approximately 11 when order of harmonic Vernier effect i = 4. (2) The proposed OCFPI exhibits good reversibility during the heating and cooling processes, and the measured M-factor matches well with the theoretically calculated M-factor. (3) The proposed OCFPI shows excellent stability with maximum wavelength deviation of 0.567 nm (internal envelope based on a fourth-order harmonic Vernier effect) and 0.042 nm (upper envelope) within 450 min. (4) The proposed OCFPI is inexpensive, robust, easy to fabricate, and compact, which can be used in harsh environments. Therefore, it provides excellent potential in dynamic temperature measurement.

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Section: B Experimental Setup and Working Principlesupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: A Temperature Measurement and Repeatabilitymentioning

confidence: 87%

Ultrahigh Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect

Chen

Tian

et al. 2023

IEEE Sensors J.

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“…However, in most cases, this is achieved with two sensors, one of them is used a as reference. Fabry-Perot interferometers (FPIs) with two cavities [35][36][37][38] or modal interferometers combined with other sensing elements [39][40][41] represent some examples. The main inconvenience of double-cavity FPIs include complex fabrication, as it is important to ensure multiple flat and parallel reflecting surfaces that are separated a microscopic distance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Sensing of Refractive Index and Temperature With Supermode Interference

Flores-Bravo

Fernandez

Lopez

et al. 2021

J. Lightwave Technol.

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In general, a sensor is used to monitor a single parameter only, and in many cases, a reference sensor is necessary to compensate the effect of temperature. Here, we demonstrate that a single supermode interferometer is capable of monitoring two parameters simultaneously. Said interferometer was fabricated with a segment of strongly coupled multicore fiber fusion spliced at the end of a standard single mode fiber. The free end of the multicore fiber was flat, thus, it behaved as a low reflectivity mirror whose reflection depended on the external refractive index. The reflection spectrum of our supermode interferometer consisted of well-defined periodic maxima and minima whose values and position varied when the interferometer was exposed to refractive index and temperature changes. In the Fourier domain, the changes of the interference pattern can be decoded easily. We demonstrate that the supermode interferometer here proposed can be useful to measure the thermo-optic coefficient of a sample. An important advantage of the device reported here is that the length of the multicore fiber is not determinant on the performance of the sensor. In addition, the device can be reused multiple times.

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“…However, several multibeam interferences usually coexist in an IFS. When the wavelength range (span) is large, the direct Fourier transform on the WLD often results in the expansion and overlap of spatial frequency lines, which makes it difficult to analyze the interference components correctly [26]. To solve this problem, -space is firstly converted into k-space on the basis of linear-in-wavenumber resampling to eliminate the influence caused by nonlinearity between the phase difference and wavelength.…”

Section: Principle and Numerical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Demodulation Based on K-Space With High Sensitivity for Interferometric Fiber Sensor

Ling

Tian

et al. 2022

IEEE Photonics J.

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This study firstly proposes and experimentally demonstrates a phase demodulation method with high sensitivity for interferometric fiber sensors (IFSs) on the basis of the fast Fourier transform of a wavenumber domain. The phase information of IFSs triggered by changes in environmental parameters is obtained by calculating the initial phase variation of a specific Fourier-transformed spatial frequency. Theoretically, phase sensitivity can be improved by n times when the optical path difference (OPD) of a spatial frequency peak is increased by a multiple (n times) of the OPD of other spatial frequency domain peaks. To verify the method experimentally, this study designed a large laterally offset spliced sensor formed by common singlemode fibers on the basis of mode interference. The sensing characteristics of temperature and strain in each set of two-beam interference are analyzed simultaneously by calculating the phase sensitivities of the frequency domain peaks. Furthermore, the highest reported temperature and strain sensitivities of 0.0795 rad/°C and −0.0088 rad/με, respectively, with good repeatability are realized.

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Fiber Optic Sensor for Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature Based on Internal-and- External-Cavity Fabry–Pérot Interferometer Configuration

Cited by 27 publications

References 39 publications

Ultrahigh Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect

Ultrahigh Sensitivity Temperature Sensor Based on Harmonic Vernier Effect

Simultaneous Sensing of Refractive Index and Temperature With Supermode Interference

Phase Demodulation Based on K-Space With High Sensitivity for Interferometric Fiber Sensor

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