Fiber strength and zero-span strength statistics – some considerations

Wathén, Rolf; Rosti, Jari; Alava, Mikko J.; Salminen, Lauri; Joutsimo, Olli

doi:10.3183/npprj-2006-21-02-p193-201

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The zero-span test was developed for testing conventional paper, where the constituent fibers are sufficiently long that any fiber gripped by one pair of jaws is gripped by the opposing pair also. (Wathen et al 2006) Naturally, it is difficult to define the length of BC fibrils, but scant reports on NFC have shown these to be of order 5 to 20 lm, (Chen et al 2015) and thus shorter than the actual span between jaws. Importantly, we observe no significant or systematic change in the zero-span tensile index over the full range of grammages considered or between our two sources of cellulosic fibrils.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

et al. 2021

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Cellulose nanopapers provide diverse, strong and lightweight templates prepared entirely from sustainable raw materials, cellulose nanofibers (CNFs). Yet the strength of CNFs has not been fully capitalized in the resulting nanopapers and the relative influence of CNF strength, their bonding, and biological origin to nanopaper strength are unknown. Here, we show that basic principles from paper physics can be applied to CNF nanopapers to illuminate those relationships. Importantly, it appeared that ~ 200 MPa was the theoretical maximum for nanopapers with random fibril orientation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the contrast in tensile strength for nanopapers prepared from bacterial cellulose (BC) and wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC). Endemic amorphous polysaccharides (hemicelluloses) in NFC act as matrix in NFC nanopapers, strengthening the bonding between CNFs just like it improves the bonding between CNFs in the primary cell wall of plants. The conclusions apply to all composites containing non-woven fiber mats as reinforcement. Graphic abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, the increase on the interfibrillar bond densities presumably creates a structure that favors ductility and bending strength, as well as an increase on the strain at break [25,56]. Finally, the intrinsic properties of fibers has been usually determined by means of micromechanical modelling or zero-span tensile tests [51,55,[57][58][59][60][61]. However, zero-span tensile tests may lead to error during measuring due to test conditions and/or defects on the tested filaments or fibers and, in addition, it is unconceivable for nanosized reinforcement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the Strengthening Advantages on Using Cellulose Nanofibers as Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforcement

et al. 2020

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The present work aims to combine the unique properties of cellulose nanofibers (CNF) with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to obtain high-performance nanocomposites. CNF were obtained by means of TEMPO-mediated ((2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl) oxidation, incorporated into the PVA matrix by means of compounding in a single-screw co-rotating internal mixer and then processed by means of injection molding. It was found that CNF were able to improve the tensile strength of PVA in 85% when 4.50 wt % of CNF were added. In addition, the incorporation of a 2.25 wt % of CNF enhanced the tensile strength to the same level that when 40 wt % of microsized fibers (stone groundwood pulp, SGW) were incorporated, which indicated that CNF possessed significantly higher intrinsic mechanical properties than microsized fibers. SGW was selected as reference for microsized fibers due to their extended use in wood plastic composites. Finally, a micromechanical analysis was performed, obtaining coupling factors near to 0.2, indicating good interphase between CNF and PVA. Overall, it was found that the use of CNF is clearly advantageous to the use of common cellulosic fibers if superior mechanical properties are desired, but there are still some limitations that are related to processing that restrict the reinforcement content at low contents.

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“…These parameters can be categorized into two main groups: fiber bonding and fiber wall strength. The zero-span tensile strength of paper mainly represents the fiber wall strength . Therefore, assessments of the finite-span and zero-span tensile strengths of papers facilitate the estimation of fiber bonding according to Page’s tensile equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cationic Alkoxylated Amine Surfactant as a Debonding Agent for Papers Made of Sulfite-Bleached Fibers

Fatehi

Outhouse

Xiao

2008

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Today, there is a steadily increasing demand for the application of surfactants as debonding agents in tissue manufacturing. The work presented herein focused on evaluating the debonding ability of cationic alkoxylated amine surfactant on unrefined and refined fibers. The results showed that, as the dosage of the surfactant was increased to 10 mg/g on unrefined pulps, the adsorption of the surfactant on the fibers increased to 5 mg/g, and the tensile and burst indices of the papers made of the modified fibers decreased by as much as 12.6% and 14.9%, respectively. Also, the roughness, strain, and moisture content of the papers were enhanced, whereas the apparent density was reduced. Furthermore, the tear index of the papers increased upon the application of surfactant (10 mg/g) at the expense of reductions in tensile and burst indices, as well as the apparent density at any pressure applied in wet pressing. Also, as the pressure was increased, the surfactant impacted the fiber bonding more significantly. On the other hand, the application of surfactant (10 mg/g) somewhat increased the light scattering coefficient of the papers, regardless of the refining load. Furthermore, the adsorption of the surfactant on refined fibers increased with increasing refining load. However, the influence of the surfactant on the tear, tensile, and burst indices and the apparent density was impaired with increasing refining load. Also, the zero-span tensile index and brightness of the papers varied negligibly upon surfactant application.

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Fiber strength and zero-span strength statistics – some considerations

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

Influence of biological origin on the tensile properties of cellulose nanopapers

Research on the Strengthening Advantages on Using Cellulose Nanofibers as Polyvinyl Alcohol Reinforcement

Cationic Alkoxylated Amine Surfactant as a Debonding Agent for Papers Made of Sulfite-Bleached Fibers

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