Fibre Degeneration Following Lesions of the Amygdaloid Complex in the Monkey

Nauta, Walle J. H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7920-1_12

Cited by 137 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The present findings further indicate that prefrontal connections with the amygdala were more extensive than previously thought, extending beyond the most heavily linked orbitofrontal and medial cingulate cortices, described previously for primates and rats (Nauta, 1961;Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1975;Porrino et al, 1981;Amaral and Price, 1984;Cassell et al, 1989;Barbas and De Olmos, 1990;Morecraft et al, 1992;Carmichael and Price, 1995). Unprecedented quantitative analysis of prefrontal connections with the amygdala revealed marked regional differences in their density, laminar organization, and input-output relationships, as summarized in Figure 11.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The amygdala appears to extract the affective significance of stimuli, and the prefrontal cortex guides goal-directed behavior (Damasio, 1994;Petrides, 1996;Roberts and Wallis, 2000;Levy and Goldman-Rakic, 2000;Fuster, 2000;Barbas et al, 2002). Communication between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex is bidirectional [e.g., (Nauta, 1961;Pandya et al, 1973;Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1975;Aggleton et al, 1980;Porrino et al, e Current address: Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. * Corresponding author.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala

2007

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The prefrontal cortex and the amygdala have synergistic roles in regulating purposive behavior, effected through bidirectional pathways. Here we investigated the largely unknown extent and laminar relationship of prefrontal input-output zones linked with the amygdala using neural tracers injected in the amygdala in rhesus monkeys. Prefrontal areas varied vastly in their connections with the amygdala, with the densest connections found in posterior orbitofrontal and posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area 10. Prefrontal projection neurons directed to the amygdala originated in layer 5, but significant numbers were also found in layers 2 and 3 in posterior medial and orbitofrontal cortices. Amygdalar axonal terminations in prefrontal cortex were most frequently distributed in bilaminar bands in the superficial and deep layers, by columns spanning the entire cortical depth, and less frequently as small patches centered in the superficial or deep layers. Heavy terminations in layers 1−2 overlapped with calbindin positive inhibitory neurons. A comparison of the relationship of input to output projections revealed that among the most heavily connected cortices, cingulate areas 25 and 24 issued comparatively more projections to the amygdala than they received, whereas caudal orbitofrontal areas were more receivers than senders. Further, there was a significant relationship between the proportion of 'feedforward' cortical projections from layers 2−3 to 'feedback' terminations innervating the superficial layers of prefrontal cortices. These findings indicate that the connections between prefrontal cortices and the amygdala follow similar patterns as corticocortical connections, and by analogy suggest pathways underlying the sequence of information processing for emotions.The amygdala and the prefrontal cortex have synergistic roles in regulating purposive behavior [(Schoenbaum et al., 2000;Izquierdo and Murray, 2005); reviewed in (Barbas, 2000;Bechara et al., 2000)]. The amygdala appears to extract the affective significance of stimuli, and the prefrontal cortex guides goal-directed behavior (Damasio, 1994;Petrides, 1996;Roberts and Wallis, 2000;Levy and Goldman-Rakic, 2000;Fuster, 2000;Barbas et al., 2002). Communication between the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex is bidirectional [e.g., (Nauta, 1961;Pandya et al., 1973;Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1975;Aggleton et al., 1980;Porrino et al., e Current address: Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC. * Corresponding author. Dept. Health Sciences, Boston University, 635 Commonwealth Ave. Room 431, Boston, MA 02215. E-mail address: barbas@bu.edu Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is p...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

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confidence: 99%

Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala

2007

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“…Morys et al, 1999). If con¢rmed to be excitatory through physiologic study, then medial prefrontal projections to the amygdala may amplify the output of the BLpc to the hypothalamus, a pathway that may be recruited in concert with a robust direct projection from medial prefrontal cortices to hypothalamic autonomic centers (Leichnetz and Astruc, 1976;Room et al, 1985;Rempel-Clower and Barbas, 1998;Ongur et al, 1998;Freedman et al, 2000). In addition, we noted that medial prefrontal axons terminated in the Co and Me nuclei, engaged in the expressive capacity of the amygdala in gustatory, olfactory, and reproductive functions (for review see De Olmos, 1990).…”

Section: Autonomic Related Pathways In the Prefrontal^amygdaloid Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in contrast to the wealth of information on the projections from the amygdala to prefrontal cortices (e.g. Nauta, 1961;Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1975;Porrino et al, 1981;Barbas and De Olmos, 1990;Morecraft et al, 1992;Carmichael and Price, 1995a), little is known about pathways in the reverse direction in primates (Pandya et al, 1973;Aggleton et al, 1980;Van Hoesen, 1981;Carmichael and Price, 1995a;Chiba et al, 2001), which likely in£uence the activity of the amygdala in behavior. Here we addressed the extent to which components of these pathways intersect in the amygdala by investigating: (1) the organization of descending projections from prefrontal cortices, and their relationship to output from the amygdala to prefrontal cortices; (2) whether prefrontal and anterior temporal cortices have common sites of connections in the amygdala, that may form the structural basis to evaluate the emotional signi¢cance of the environment; (3) whether orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices share zones of in£uence with hypothalamic autonomic structures in the amygdala.…”

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confidence: 99%

Pathways for emotion: interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey

2002

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AbstractöThe amygdala has been implicated in processing information about the emotional signi¢cance of the environment and in the expression of emotions, through robust pathways with prefrontal, anterior temporal areas, and central autonomic structures. We investigated the anatomic organization and intersection of these pathways in the amygdala in rhesus monkeys with the aid of bidirectional, retrograde and anterograde tracers. Connections of the amygdala with orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal areas were robust and bidirectional, whereas connections with lateral prefrontal areas were sparse, unidirectional and ascending. Orbitofrontal axons terminated densely in a narrow band around the borders of the magnocellular basolateral nucleus, surrounded by projection neurons along a continuum through the nuclei of the basal complex. In contrast, the input and output zones of medial prefrontal areas were intermingled in the amygdala. Moreover, medial prefrontal axonal terminations were expansive, spreading into the parvicellular basolateral nucleus, which is robustly connected with hypothalamic autonomic structures, suggesting that they may in£uence the expressive emotional system of the amygdala. On the other hand, orbitofrontal axons heavily targeted the intercalated masses, which issue inhibitory projections to the central nucleus, at least in rats and cats. The central nucleus, in turn, issues a signi¢cant inhibitory projection to hypothalamic and brainstem autonomic structures. This evidence suggests that orbitofrontal areas exercise control on the internal processing of the amygdala. In addition, the results provided direct evidence that the connections of anterior temporal visual and auditory association cortices occupy overlapping territories with the orbitofrontal cortices particularly in the posterior half of the amygdala, and speci¢cally within the intermediate sector of the basolateral nucleus and in the magnocellular part of the basomedial nucleus (also known as accessory basal), suggesting a closely linked triadic network. This intricate network may be recruited in cognitive tasks that are inextricably linked with emotional associations.

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“…Furthermore, the CL has widespread reciprocal connections with the cerebral cortex, including the visual (7,(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20), cingulate (15,(17)(18)(19)24), and motor cortices (1521-28); the AM (12,29,30); the basal ganglia (31)(32)(33)(34); and other subcortical structures (35)(36)(37)(38)(39); it also projects to the midbrain (40,41). Therefore, the CL appears to be strategically located for organized interaction between the specific visual pathway, the AM, the CG, and the cerebral motor mechanism.…”

Section: --mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Claustrum in Convulsive Evolution of Visual Afferent and Partial Nonconvulsive Seizure in Primates

Wada

Tsuchimochi

1997

Epilepsia

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Summary: Purpose: We tested cross-species validity of the role of the claustrum in the convulsive evolution of the visual afferent and amygdaloid seizure and the specificity of the claustral lesioning effect.Methods: In 7 Senegalese baboons, we examined the effect of unilateral claustral lesioning on generalized convulsive seizures either kindled from the amygdaloid nucleus (AM) and cingulate cortex (CG) or induced by intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) after systemic administration of D,L-allylglycine (AG).Results: A lesioned area common to all animals was the anterior half of the left claustrum. Postoperative restimulation of the kindled left AM or CG evoked only nonconvulsive seizures. When few convulsive seizures emerged in 1 CG-kindled animal, they were mirror image of the kindled seizure and arose from the nonlesioned right hemisphere. Restimulation of the kindled right AM or CG reactivated kindled seizures. An IPSinduced generalized convulsive seizure was transformed into a secondarily generalized seizure arising from the nonlesioned right hemisphere.Conclusions: The primate claustrum regulates the convulsive evolution of partial seizures originating from nonmotor structures such as the AM and CG and also regulates the convulsive development that follows IPS. Our findings suggest that predisposed susceptibility expressed at the claustrum may be involved in the clinical variation with respect to convulsive evolution of nonmotor partial seizures and convulsive susceptibility to IPS in human primates.

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Fibre Degeneration Following Lesions of the Amygdaloid Complex in the Monkey

Cited by 137 publications

References 19 publications

Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala

Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the anatomic dialogue between prefrontal cortex and amygdala

Pathways for emotion: interactions of prefrontal and anterior temporal pathways in the amygdala of the rhesus monkey

Role of the Claustrum in Convulsive Evolution of Visual Afferent and Partial Nonconvulsive Seizure in Primates

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