Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF): A Review

Abstract

In order for periodontal regeneration to occur, progenitor cells must migrate to the denuded root surface, attach to it, proliferate and mature into an organized and functional fibrous attachment apparatus. Significant advances have been made during the last decade in understanding the factors controlling the migration, attachment and proliferation of cells. A group of naturally occurring molecules known as polypeptide growth factors in conjunction with certain matrix proteins, are key regulators of these biological events. Of these, the fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) appear to have an important role in periodontal wound healing. The purpose of this review is to summarize current information on these growth factors with emphasis on their potential implications in periodontal wound healing and regeneration.

Equine performance genes and the future of doping in horseracing

“…[117] They are more potent angiogenic factors than VEGFs, acting by upregulation of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor expression and promoting the growth of new blood vessels from the pre-existing vasculature. [116,118] The ergogenic properties of growth factors are the subject of research for their therapeutic role in accelerating healing of injuries. As a treatment for tendonitis, IGF-1, VEGF and FGF, alongside a variety of cytokines, are sourced from autologous equine blood, taken to a laboratory where they are amplified and concentrated into a serum, then reinjected into injured tissue.…”

“…In adult organisms FGFs play a homeostatic role and function in the response and repair of tissue during injury . They are more potent angiogenic factors than VEGFs, acting by upregulation of platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor expression and promoting the growth of new blood vessels from the pre‐existing vasculature …”

“…Narkar 2008 found that mice treated with GW1516 in combination with exercise training had a 38% increase in type I muscle fibres and a 50% increase in mitochondrial biogenesis compared to sedentary control mice, resulting in a 68% and 70% improvement in speed and endurance respectively . Despite clinical trials for GW1516 being discontinued in 2007 due to an increased cancer risk, athletes in endurance disciplines have since tested positive for the drug, reflecting not only demand for PPAR modulators for doping purposes, but also the demand for such products in spite of health warnings. PPARs have also been raised as potential targets for gene doping in human athletes and although the exact mechanisms of their role in equine performance are unclear, they may be targets in equine gene doping also.…”