Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of ten rapid malaria diagnostic tests

Craig, M.; Bredenkamp, B. L. F.; Williams, Cindy; Rossouw, E.; Kelly, V.J.; Kleinschmidt, Immo; Martineau, AR; Henry, Gfj

doi:10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90092-1

Cited by 80 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The low intensities of the pan-pLDH lines, especially for the non- falciparum species, are of concern especially when extrapolating the present findings to field settings in both endemic and non-endemic settings, where disregarding faint test lines as negative results is a common mistake [29-33]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test) for the diagnosis of malaria in a reference setting

Maltha

Gillet

Bottieau

et al. 2010

Malar J

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BackgroundMalaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) are widely used for diagnosing malaria. The present retrospective study evaluated the CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test targeting the Plasmodium falciparum specific antigen histidine-rich protein (HRP-2) and the pan-Plasmodium antigen lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) in a reference setting.MethodsThe CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test was evaluated on a collection of samples obtained in returned international travellers using microscopy corrected by PCR as the reference method. Included were P. falciparum (n = 320), Plasmodium vivax (n = 76), Plasmodium ovale (n = 76), Plasmodium malariae (n = 23) and Plasmodium negative samples (n = 95).ResultsOverall sensitivity for the detection of P. falciparum was 88.8%, increasing to 94.3% and 99.3% at parasite densities above 100 and 1,000/μl respectively. For P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae, overall sensitivities were 77.6%, 18.4% and 30.4% respectively. For P. vivax sensitivity reached 90.2% for parasite densities above 500/μl. Incorrect species identification occurred in 11/495 samples (2.2%), including 8/320 (2.5%) P. falciparum samples which generated only the pan-pLDH line. For P. falciparum samples, 205/284 (72.2%) HRP-2 test lines had strong or medium line intensities, while for all species the pan-pLDH lines were less intense, especially in the case of P. ovale. Agreement between observers was excellent (kappa values > 0.81 for positive and negative readings) and test results were reproducible. The test was easy to perform with good clearing of the background.ConclusionThe CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test performed well for the detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax, but sensitivities for P. ovale and P. malariae were poor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test) for the diagnosis of malaria in a reference setting

Maltha

Gillet

Bottieau

et al. 2010

Malar J

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“…These findings are of concern, as they can result in false-negative interpretations. Indeed, disregarding faint line intensities is one of the most common mistakes among end-users in both endemic and non-endemic settings, even when provided with adapted job aids [24][25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Immunoquick+4 malaria rapid diagnostic test in a non-endemic setting

Dijk

Gillet

Vlieghe

et al. 2010

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

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The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the Immunoquick+4 (BioSynex, Strasbourg, France), a three-band malaria rapid diagnostic test (MRDT) targeting histidine-rich protein-2 (HRP-2) and pan Plasmodium-specific parasite lactate dehydrogenase, in a non-endemic reference setting. Stored whole-blood samples (n=613) from international travellers suspected of malaria were used, with microscopy corrected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the reference method. Samples infected by P. falciparum (n=323), P. vivax (n=97), P. ovale (n=73) and P. malariae (n=25) were selected, as well as 95 malaria-negative samples. The overall sensitivities of the Immunoquick+4 for the diagnosis of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae and P. ovale were 88.9, 75.3, 56.0 and 19.2%, respectively. Sensitivity was significantly related to parasite density for P. falciparum (93.6% versus 71.4% at parasite densities >100/µl and ≤100/µl, respectively) and P. vivax (86.8% versus 48.3% at parasite densities >500/µl and ≤500/µl, respectively). The Immunoquick+4 showed good reproducibility and reliability for both test results and line intensities. The Immunoquick+4 performed well for the detection of P. falciparum and P. vivax. Background

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“…Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) represent an alternative, but they cannot detect low parasitemia, and storage of the kits at elevated temperatures may cause deterioration in their performance. 2 Thus, presumptive treatment is often given based on clinical features alone.…”

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confidence: 99%

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A Tool for Malaria Diagnosis?

Karl¹,

Gutiérrez²,

House³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Malaria control can be improved by rapid, sensitive, low-cost detection of infection. Several such strategies are being pursued. Rapid diagnostic tests can detect infections at parasite densities above 200 μL−1. Polymerase chain reaction methods can detect low parasite densities, but are slow and prone to contamination under field conditions. Methods that detect hemozoin presence in blood have been proposed as alternatives for rapid detection of infection. In this study, we used a benchtop nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) device to detect hemozoin. This device could be deployed in malaria-endemic settings. We measured synthetic hemozoin in phosphate-buffered saline and malaria parasites in human blood. The NMR detected hemozoin in suspensions of 4 ng μL−1 and parasites at densities of 8,000–10,000 μL−1 (0.2% parasitemia). Thus, our preliminary NMR approach, although providing very rapid measurements, is unlikely to achieve the required sensitivity and specificity for malaria diagnosis, unless a preliminary concentration step is performed.

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Field and laboratory comparative evaluation of ten rapid malaria diagnostic tests

Cited by 80 publications

References 37 publications

Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test) for the diagnosis of malaria in a reference setting

Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic test (CareStart™ Malaria HRP-2/pLDH (Pf/pan) Combo Test) for the diagnosis of malaria in a reference setting

Evaluation of the Immunoquick+4 malaria rapid diagnostic test in a non-endemic setting

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A Tool for Malaria Diagnosis?

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