Field and laboratory findings of the first incursion of the Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Africa

Benedictis, Paola De; Joannis, Tony M.; Lombin, L.H.; Shittu, Ismaila; Beato, Maria Serena; Rebonato, Valeria; Cattoli, Giovanni; Capua, Ilaria

doi:10.1080/03079450601161406

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Outbreaks of influenza in domestic poultry have been explained by contact with wild birds, based on the circumstantial evidence of co-location of wild birds and domestic poultry in time and space (de Benedictis et al 2007;Normile 2005). HPAI subtype H5N1 virus is considered to have been introduced to Romania via migratory water fowl during the autumn migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and anthropogenic risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 outbreaks in Romania, 2005−2006

et al. 2008

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The association between highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 outbreak risk in poultry in 161 Romanian villages (October 2005 to June 2006) and environmental and anthropogenic factors was investigated. Village outbreak risk was associated with a village being <5 km from a major road (odds ratio [OR] 5.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-22.9) or a river/stream (OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.06-3.72). Outbreak risk in the first part of the epidemic was associated with a village being <5 km from a major road (OR 3.31, 95% CI 1.10-9.98) or a regularly flooded land area (OR 5.08, 95% CI 1.08-23.9); whereas outbreak risk in the second part of the epidemic was associated with a village being <5 km from a river/stream (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.69-18.9). Results suggest that both environmental and anthropogenic factors influence the risk of HPAI subtype H5N1 outbreaks in village poultry populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and anthropogenic risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 outbreaks in Romania, 2005−2006

et al. 2008

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“…In addition, the H5N1 subtype has not spread via known migratory flyways, as expected, to locations such as the Philippines and Taiwan, and Alaska. Whilst outbreaks of influenza in domestic poultry continue to be blamed on contact with free-range and wild birds, based on the circumstantial evidence of co-location of wild birds and domestic poultry in time and space [7], illegal movements of poultry and other avian species have been documented as contributing to H5N1 spread in several instances [20,24]. Live bird markets have also been the presumed source of avian influenza outbreaks in domestic poultry, notably in the United States [6,10,16,18,22] and in Asia [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geostatistical visualisation and spatial statistics for evaluation of the dispersion of epidemic highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1

et al. 2008

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-The aim of this study was to evaluate a range of statistical and geostatistical methods for their usefulness in providing insights into how highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 might spread through a national population of village poultry. The insights gained allow the generation of disease dispersion hypotheses. The case study data set consisted of 161 outbreaks of HPAI subtype H5N1 in village poultry reported in Romania between

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“…There is also little evidence of reassortment occurring in other regions affected by H5N1, with all genotypes detected beyond China having been previously detected there years in advance (de Benedictis et al, 2007; Bragstad et al, 2007; Li et al, 2004; Lipatov et al, 2007; Wang et al, 2008). It therefore appears that the ecology of poultry systems in southern China, which contain a diverse assemblage of aquatic and terrestrial birds that harbor co-circulating endemic populations of H9N2 and H6N1 viruses (Duan et al, 2008; Vijaykrishna et al, 2008), is unique in generating H5N1 reassortant viruses.…”

Section: Genomic Diversificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The emergence and diversification of panzootic H5N1 influenza viruses

Guan

Smith

2013

Virus Research

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The Asian highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus was first detected in the goose population of Guangdong, China in 1996. The viruses in this lineage are unique in their ecological success, demonstrating an extremely broad host range and becoming established in poultry over much of Asia and in Africa. H5N1 viruses have also diverged into multiple clades and subclades that generally do not cross neutralize, which has greatly confounded control measures in poultry and pre-pandemic vaccine strain selection. Although H5N1 viruses currently cannot transmit efficiently between mammals they exhibit high mortality in humans and recent experimental studies have shown that it is possible to generate an H5N1 virus that is transmissible in mammals. In addition to causing unprecedented economic losses, the long-term presence of the H5N1 virus in poultry and its frequent introductions to humans continue to pose a significant pandemic threat. Here we provide a summary of the genesis, molecular epidemiology and evolution of this H5N1 lineage, particularly the factors that have contributed to the continued diversification and ecological success of H5N1 viruses, with particular reference to the poultry production systems they have emerged from.

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Field and laboratory findings of the first incursion of the Asian H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in Africa

Cited by 31 publications

References 8 publications

Environmental and anthropogenic risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 outbreaks in Romania, 2005−2006

Environmental and anthropogenic risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 outbreaks in Romania, 2005−2006

Geostatistical visualisation and spatial statistics for evaluation of the dispersion of epidemic highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1

The emergence and diversification of panzootic H5N1 influenza viruses

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