The aerospace industry has been benefiting from the utilization of polymer materials since fibre reinforced polymer composites (FRPC) offers high performances at low densities compared to metals. In a way, FRPC innovated lightweight matter engineering and provided aviation as a public transport method. Since their first integration into structural parts, FRPC experiences an exponential growth over years and receives a special interest from manufacturing engineering. While FRPC today is a major focus in engineering, design of polymer matrix relies on polymer chemistry. However, aircraft materials are facing a pressing issue related to sustainability, since their environmental footprint is at alarming level. In this review, commercial thermosetting polymer composites employed in aircraft structures will be exhibited from chemistry perspective by depicting starting products and curing reactions. The potential of chemistry to architect next‐generation sustainable FRPC for structural parts by means of utilization of sustainable feedstock, energy‐efficient processing and recycling will be deciphered.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved