Field emission displays: a critical review

Talin, A. Alec; Dean, Kenneth A.; Jaskie, J. E.

doi:10.1016/s0038-1101(00)00279-3

Cited by 269 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Field Emission Displays (FED) follows the idea of CRT, but uses millions of electron guns instead of only one [18]. Different field-emission electron sources can be used, including carbon nanotube Field Emission Displays (CNT-FED) [19] and Ballistic Electron Surface Emitting Display (BSD) [20], which are now being actively developed.…”

Section: Scope Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Display Technologies Focusing on Power Consumption

2015

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This paper provides an overview of the main manufacturing technologies of displays, focusing on those with low and ultra-low levels of power consumption, which make them suitable for current societal needs. Considering the typified value obtained from the manufacturer's specifications, four technologies-Liquid Crystal Displays, electronic paper, Organic Light-Emitting Display and Electroluminescent Displays-were selected in a first iteration. For each of them, several features, including size and brightness, were assessed in order to ascertain possible proportional relationships with the rate of consumption. To normalize the comparison between different display types, relative units such as the surface power density and the display frontal intensity efficiency were proposed. Organic light-emitting display had the best results in terms of power density for small display sizes. For larger sizes, it performs less satisfactorily than Liquid Crystal Displays in terms of energy efficiency.

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Section: Scope Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Display Technologies Focusing on Power Consumption

2015

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“…A large range in E th is observed, indicating that irradiation has a significant impact on field emission. As fluence increases, E th decreases and β increases, peaking at a fluence of 111 mJ/cm 2 , where E th is 2.1 V/μm and β is 2300 (assuming a work function of 5.1 eV). The error decreases as fluence increases indicating improved uniformity.…”

Section: Mwcnts Deposited On Papermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By plotting ln(J/E 2 ) against 1/E, a "Fowler-Nordheim" plot is obtained, with a gradient of -bφ 3/2 /β, from which β can be calculated. Applications of electron field emission include all fields in which an electron source is required; from flatscreen displays (analogous to flat cathode ray tubes), 2 X-ray sources, 3 field emission microscopy, 4 electron-beam lithography, 5 microwave generation, 6 and space-vehicle thruster charge neutralization. 7 The covalent bonding in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) makes them ideal field emission materials, with high aspect ratio, strength, stability, electronic conductivity, small diameter and extended length.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electron Field Emission from Water-Based Carbon Nanotube Inks

Lyth

Silva

2015

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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Printable electron field emitters could lead to cheap and scalable large area electron sources. This paper presents work on electron field emission from water-based multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersions, and introduces new results on emission from different substrates. We summarize work in which MWCNTs are deposited onto paper, glass, and plastic substrates, and show that the field emission characteristics can be tailored by controlling the underlying morphology as well as by post-laser irradiation. We also show that engineering the work function of MWCNTs can significantly enhance field emission, and that resonant tunneling effects may be induced by suitable surface functionalization. Electrons are traditionally confined to the surface of bulk materials by an energy barrier roughly equivalent to the work function (φ). They can be thermally excited over this barrier at very high temperatures, in a process known as thermionic emission. However, a more subtle, controllable, and faster means of overcoming the potential barrier at room temperature is to make use of quantum mechanical tunneling. The vacuum energy level in materials is normally flat. However, by applying an electric field one can distort the barrier observed by electrons at the surface, to mimic a triangular potential barrier. Increasing the electric field makes this barrier thinner, and eventually electrons can tunnel from the Fermi level energy states of a metal or semi-conductor into vacuum. This is the basis of electron field emission. The FowlerNordheim equation 1 describes the behavior of a generalized field emitting system, where J is the field emission current density, φ is the work function, and the constants a and b are 1.54 × 10 −6 A(eV)V −2 and 6.83 × 10 9 (eV) −3/2 Vm −1 , respectively. 1 The enhancement factor (β) is the factor by which the local electric field at the emitting surface enhances the applied electric field (E), and combines various effects including geometric field enhancement, dielectric field enhancement, and field screening. This enhancement factor depends critically on the surface geometry of an emitter.From this equation it is clear that the field emitted current can be increased by: i) increasing the applied electric field, ii) decreasing the work function, and iii) increasing the enhancement factor, or by a combination of any of the above factors. By plotting ln(J/E 2 ) against 1/E, a "Fowler-Nordheim" plot is obtained, with a gradient of -bφ 3/2 /β, from which β can be calculated. Applications of electron field emission include all fields in which an electron source is required; from flatscreen displays (analogous to flat cathode ray tubes), 2 X-ray sources, 3 field emission microscopy, 4 electron-beam lithography, 5 microwave generation, 6 and space-vehicle thruster charge neutralization. 7The covalent bonding in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) makes them ideal field emission materials, with high aspect ratio, strength, stability, electronic conductivity, small diameter and extended length. Most studies focus on al...

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“…In particular, the luminescent properties of inorganic phosphors have been widely investigated for commercial use in flat panel displays(FPDs) in the recent years [2,3] Up to the present time, the commercial Mn-doped Zn2SiO4 green phosphors have been synthesized mainly with a solid-state reaction method [7]. In the solid-state reaction method, a high reaction temperature, a long heating time, and a milling process are required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Mn-doped Zn₂SiO₄phosphor particles by solid-state method at relatively low temperature and their photoluminescence characteristics

Lee¹,

Choi²,

Lee³

2010

Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society

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Mn-doped Zn2SiO4 phosphor particles having submicrometer sizes were synthesized by a solid-state reaction method using methyl hydrogen polysiloxane-treated ZnO, fumed SiO2 and various Mn sources. The crystallization and photoluminescent properties of the phosphor particles were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), and by their photoluminescence(PL) spectra. Due to the effect of the dispersion and coherence of the methyl hydrogen polysiloxane-treated ZnO, the Mn-doped Zn2SiO4 particles were successfully obtained by a solid state method at 1000℃, and the maximum PL intensity of the prepared particles under vacuum ultra violet(VUV) excitation occurred at a Mn concentration of 0.02mol and a sintering temperature of 1000℃.

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Field emission displays: a critical review

Cited by 269 publications

References 37 publications

Review of Display Technologies Focusing on Power Consumption

Review of Display Technologies Focusing on Power Consumption

Electron Field Emission from Water-Based Carbon Nanotube Inks

Synthesis of Mn-doped Zn₂SiO₄phosphor particles by solid-state method at relatively low temperature and their photoluminescence characteristics

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Field emission displays: a critical review

Cited by 269 publications

References 37 publications

Review of Display Technologies Focusing on Power Consumption

Review of Display Technologies Focusing on Power Consumption

Electron Field Emission from Water-Based Carbon Nanotube Inks

Synthesis of Mn-doped Zn2SiO4phosphor particles by solid-state method at relatively low temperature and their photoluminescence characteristics

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Synthesis of Mn-doped Zn₂SiO₄phosphor particles by solid-state method at relatively low temperature and their photoluminescence characteristics