Field examples of strike‐slip fault terminations in Mongolia and their tectonic significance

Bayasgalan, A.; Jackson, James; Ritz, Jean‐François; Carretier, Sébastien

doi:10.1029/1999tc900007

Cited by 121 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Since the early 90's, several studies provided an important set of morpho-structural data (Baljinnyam et al, 1993;Cunningham et al, 1996;Kurushin et al, 1997;Bayasgalan et al, 1999aBayasgalan et al, , 1999bCarretier et al, 2002;Vassallo et al, 2007a) and geochronological data (Ritz et al, 1995;Hanks et al, 1997;Ritz et al, 2003Ritz et al, , 2006Vassallo et al, 2005Vassallo et al, , 2007aVassallo et al, and 2007bJolivet et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of geomorphic processes on 10Be concentrations in individual clasts: Complexity of the exposure history in Gobi-Altay range (Mongolia)

2011

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International audienceThe dating of alluvial landforms by cosmogenic nuclides requires distinguishing the pre-deposition inheritance from the post-deposition history of the clasts in the studied marker. Moreover, estimating catchment-scale erosion rates from the concentrations of cosmogenic nuclides in active alluvia requires a good knowledge of the local/regional relationships between rock exhumation and transport through space and time. This is still poorly known for timescales of tens of thousand years. In order to document the evolution of clast exhumation and transport rates through time, we analyze in situ 10Be concentrations in boulders and cobbles from hillslopes to outlet of an arid mountainous catchment located in Gobi-Altay, Mongolia, strongly affected by global climatic changes during the Pleistocene-Holocene period. Samples were collected on bedrock, abandoned alluvial deposits, active colluvia and alluvia. Our results show a large 10Be scattering in the active river bed, consistent with a low and discontinuous catchment erosion rate dominated by mass wasting and fluvial incision. On the contrary, pre-exposure signal within abandoned terraces is much more homogeneous, consistent with climatic pulses responsible of strong erosional events on hillslopes and rapid fluvial transport. These results show that exhumation/transport processes at the catchment scale vary in style and intensity through time as a consequence of climatic oscillations. The occurrence of abrupt climatic changes during short periods of time recorded by 10Be concentrations in abandoned alluvia raise questions about the temporal applicability of catchment erosion rates derived from cosmogenic nuclide concentrations measured in sediments of active rivers. On the other hand, strong and short erosion events limit and homogenize the pre-exposure 10Be signal in associated deposits like debris-flows, making them particularly suitable markers for dating in active tectonic and paleoclimatic studies

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of geomorphic processes on 10Be concentrations in individual clasts: Complexity of the exposure history in Gobi-Altay range (Mongolia)

2011

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“…Thrust displacement decreases progressively away from the strike-slip faults, suggesting the relative rotation of the thrust footwall and hangingwall blocks about vertical axes (Fig. 5c;Bayasgalan et al 1999).…”

Section: T E R M I N a T I O N Z O N E Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Right-lateral shear across the southern Hosgri Fault is absorbed mainly by clockwise vertical-axis rotation of the by guest on September 10, 2018 http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ Downloaded from fault system of New Zealand (Little & Roberts 1997), the San Jacinto fault system of southeastern California (Armbruster et al 1998) and the Whittier fault system in the Los Angeles Basin (Wright 1991 ). Many intraplate strike-slip belts end in areas of distributed thrusting, like those in the eastern and northern Tibet (Molnar & Lyon-Caen 1989;Meyer et al 1998). Bayasgalan et al (1999 described field examples of contractional termination of intraplate strike-slip belts in Mongolia.…”

Section: T E R M I N a T I O N Z O N E Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraplate strike-slip deformation belts

2003

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Intraplate strike-slip deformation belts are typically steeply-dipping structures that develop in both oceanic and continental lithosphere where they form some of the largest and most spectacular discontinuities found on Earth. In both modern and ancient continental settings, intraplate strike slip deformation belts are of major importance in accommodating horizontal displacements where they additionally form very persistent zones of weakness that substantially influence the rheological behaviour of the lithosphere over very long time periods (up to 1 Ga or more). These deformation zones provide a fundamental geometric, kinematic and dynamic link between the more rigid plate-dominated tectonics of the oceans and the non-rigid, complex behaviour of the continents. During convergence, they help to transfer major displacements deep into the plate interiors. During divergence, they act as transfer zones that segment rifts, passive continental margins and, ultimately, oceanic spreading ridges. Such belts are also of great economic importance, controlling the location of many destructive earthquakes, offshore and onshore hydrocarbon deposits and metalliferous ore deposits. In the oceans, intraplate strike-slip movements are relatively minor along transform-related fracture zones, but there are an increasing number of documented examples that may reflect spatial and temporal variations in spreading rate along individual active ridge segments.

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“…We propose this to be one of the plausible explanations for alongstrike arrest of thrust faulting on the MHT. Analogous example of strike-slip faults ending in thrust motion has been observed in the Kopeh Dagh Mountains in NE Iran (Hollingsworth et al 2006) and in Mongolia (Bayasgalan et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The 2015 April 25 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake and its aftershocks: implications for lateral heterogeneity on the Main Himalayan Thrust

Kumar¹,

Singh²,

Mitra³

et al. 2016

Geophys. J. Int.

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S U M M A R YThe 2015 Gorkha earthquake (M w 7.8) occurred by thrust faulting on a ∼150 km long and ∼70 km wide, locked downdip segment of the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), causing the Himalaya to slip SSW over the Indian Plate, and was followed by major-to-moderate aftershocks. Back projection of teleseismic P-wave and inversion of teleseismic body waves provide constraints on the geometry and kinematics of the main-shock rupture and source mechanism of aftershocks. The main-shock initiated ∼80 km west of Katmandu, close to the locking line on the MHT and propagated eastwards along ∼117 • azimuth for a duration of ∼70 s, with varying rupture velocity on a heterogeneous fault surface. The main-shock has been modelled using four subevents, propagating from west-to-east. The first subevent (0-20 s) ruptured at a velocity of ∼3.5 km s −1 on a ∼6 • N dipping flat segment of the MHT with thrust motion. The second subevent (20-35 s) ruptured a ∼18 • W dipping lateral ramp on the MHT in oblique thrust motion. The rupture velocity dropped from 3.5 km s −1 to 2.5 km s −1 , as a result of updip propagation of the rupture. The third subevent (35-50 s) ruptured a ∼7 • N dipping, eastward flat segment of the MHT with thrust motion and resulted in the largest amplitude arrivals at teleseismic distances. The fourth subevent (50-70 s) occurred by left-lateral strikeslip motion on a steeply dipping transverse fault, at high angle to the MHT and arrested the eastward propagation of the main-shock rupture. Eastward stress build-up following the mainshock resulted in the largest aftershock (M w 7.3), which occurred on the MHT, immediately east of the main-shock rupture. Source mechanisms of moderate aftershocks reveal stress adjustment at the edges of the main-shock fault, flexural faulting on top of the downgoing Indian Plate and extensional faulting in the hanging wall of the MHT.

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Field examples of strike‐slip fault terminations in Mongolia and their tectonic significance

Cited by 121 publications

References 43 publications

Control of geomorphic processes on 10Be concentrations in individual clasts: Complexity of the exposure history in Gobi-Altay range (Mongolia)

Control of geomorphic processes on 10Be concentrations in individual clasts: Complexity of the exposure history in Gobi-Altay range (Mongolia)

Intraplate strike-slip deformation belts

The 2015 April 25 Gorkha (Nepal) earthquake and its aftershocks: implications for lateral heterogeneity on the Main Himalayan Thrust

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