Field scale quantification of microbial transport from bovine faeces under simulated rainfall events

Abstract

The dispersion and transport of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, Escherichia coli and PRD1 bacteriophage seeded into artificial bovine faecal pats was studied during simulated rainfall events. Experimental soil plots were divided in two, one sub-plot with bare soil and the other with natural vegetation. Simulated rainfall events of 55 mm.h(-1) for 30 min were then applied to the soil plots. Each experimental treatment was performed in duplicate and consisted of three sequential artificial rainfall events ('Runs'): a control run (no faecal pats); a fresh faecal pat run (fresh faecal pats); and an aged faecal pat run (one week aged faecal pats). Transportation efficiency increased with decreasing size of the microorganism studied; Cryptosporidium oocysts were the least mobile followed by E. coli and then PRD1 phage. Rainfall events mobilised 0.5 to 0.9% of the Cryptosporidium oocysts, 1.3-1.4% of E. coli bacteria, and 0.03-0.6% of PRD1 bacteriophages from the fresh faecal pats and transported them a distance of 10 m across the bare soil sub-plots. Subsequent rainfall events applied to aged faecal pats only mobilised 0.01-0.06% of the original Cryptosporidium oocyst load, between 0.04 and 15% of the E. coli load and 0.0006-0.06% of PRD1 bacteriophages, respectively.

Removal and Transfer of Viruses on Food Contact Surfaces by Cleaning Cloths

“…Stock titers were determined by the DAL method. Both MS2 and PRD1 were selected because of their prior use as surrogates for enteric viruses, such as NoV and human adenoviruses, respectively (8,12). MNV (type 1) and FCV (strain F9) stocks were propagated in monolayers of RAW 264.7 (ATCC TIB-71) and Crandall Reese feline kidney (CrFK) cells, as described previously (14).…”

Tangential-Flow Ultrafiltration with Integrated Inhibition Detection for Recovery of Surrogates and Human Pathogens from Large-Volume Source Water and Finished Drinking Water

“…The additional viral surrogates used in the present study, including PRD1 and MNV-1, have not been used in published studies involving UF of 100-liter environmental water samples. The bacteriophage PRD1 was chosen here as a suitable surrogate for the study of HuAdVs (12). Similar to HuAdVs, PRD1 is a 63-nm, icosahedral virus with double-stranded DNA, making it an appropriate model.…”

Transport of E. coli D21g with runoff water under different solution chemistry conditions and surface slopes

“…Yu et al (2013) reported greater retention of latex microspheres to surface vegetation occurred at higher IS and for larger particles. Ferguson et al (2007) found that larger microorganisms (Cryptosporidium and E. coli) were more efficiently removed from runoff water than smaller microbes (coliphage PRD1) in field studies. Furthermore, previous studies have not yet modeled the full dynamics of water flow and microbial transport in runoff water and soil.…”