Field Study on the Mycotoxin Binding Effects of Clay in Oreochromis niloticus Feeds and Their Impacts on the Performance as Well as the Health Status throughout the Culture Season

Abstract

Total aflatoxin and ochratoxin were detected in 3 naturally contaminated fish feed samples using immune-affinity method. The results revealed that the average levels of aflatoxins in the 3 examined samples were (15, 22 and 12 µg/kg) respectively while the average levels of ochratoxins were (15, 6 and 6 µg/kg). The results of determination of the effects of clay as a mycotoxin binder on the health status and performance of Oreochromis niloticus in comparing with a control group revealed that the survival rate in control group was 81% after the end of the culture season. The results also revealed that the survival rate in group 2 which received clay treated feed was 86%. The results of regular parasitological examination revealed the identification of trichodina as external protozoa in Oreochromis niloticus from both ponds but without manifestation of disease signs. The results of bacteriological examination revealed the isolation and identification of Pseudomonas flouresence from some moribund Oreochromis niloticus. Higher performance parameters were recorded in group 2 that received feeds treated with clay which reflected in the total production which reaches 1646.47 kg while in the control pond, the total production was1308.36 kg.

The Effect of a Mycotoxin Deactivation Product on Growth of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Fed Distillers Dried Grains

“…Thus, the present study was designed to address this potential limitation of DDGS inclusion in aquafeeds. However, our results do not agree with observations reported by Abdelaziz et al (2010) and Agouz and Anwer (2011), who found substantial increases in fish performance when mycotoxin binder products were included in mycotoxin-contaminated feeds. Possible reasons for these differing results include differences in (1) the types and levels of mycotoxins examined and (2) the mycotoxin deactivators utilized.…”

“…Possible reasons for these differing results include differences in (1) the types and levels of mycotoxins examined and (2) the mycotoxin deactivators utilized. In our study, the mycotoxins present in the HPDDG sample were deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, whereas Abdelaziz et al (2010) and Agouz and Anwer (2011) evaluated fish feed that was contaminated with aflatoxin and ochratoxin. Additionally, the calculated mycotoxin levels based on the 24% HPDDG inclusion level in the current study were 0.6 g/g for deoxynivalenol and 410 ng/g for zearalenone.…”

“…Our results further the work of Øverland et al (2013) by successfully reducing the fish meal level to 13% via HPDDG replacement without compromising growth. Although limited research has investigated the potential importance or confounding effects of low-level mycotoxin contamination in alternative ingredient evaluations, the use of mycotoxin deactivation products in contaminated fish feeds has previously been shown to increase growth performance (Abdelaziz et al 2010;Agouz and Anwer 2011). Thus, the present study was designed to address this potential limitation of DDGS inclusion in aquafeeds.…”

Experimental ochratoxicosis A in Nile tilapia and its amelioration by some feed additives

“…In addition, vitamin E contained in Fero Bind Pro had antioxidant activity and was associated with aflatoxin metabolism reduction [8]. Moreover, clays in general, were early used for their adsorptive properties to reduce the toxic effects of aflatoxins and ochratoxin [53] in O. niloticus . As well as Quillaja ( Quillaja saponaria ) if used in small amount of extracts improves weight gain and food utilization in tropical fish carp and tilapia [54].…”