Field Survey of Trans-boundary Air Pollution with High Time Resolution at Coastal Sites on the Sea of Japan during Winter in Japan}

Abstract

An intensive field survey, with 6-h measurement intervals, of concentrations of chemical species in particulate matter and gaseous compounds was carried out at coastal sites on the Sea of Japan during winter. The concentration variation of SO(2)(g) and HNO(3)(g) were well correlated, whereas the NH(3)(g) concentration variation had no correlation with those of SO(2)(g) and HNO(3)(g). The NH(4) (+) (p)/non-sea-salt- (nss-)SO(4) (2 -)(p) ratio in particulate matter was mainly affected by the location of the sampling site. One or more concentration peaks of nss-Ca(2 +) for survey period were observed. Backward trajectories analyses for the highest nss-Ca(2 +) concentration peaks showed some inconsistency in pathways. We consider that insufficient mixing of the atmosphere and/or insufficient time for the transported air pollutants to react with those discharged locally are the most likely explanations for the discrepancies between the measured products [HNO(3)][NH(3)] and the calculated values.

Atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid, sulfur dioxide, particulate nitrate and particulate sulfate, and estimation of their dry deposition on the urban- and mountain-facing sides of Mt. Gokurakuji, Western Japan

“…It is difficult to estimate the precise magnitude of the artifacts in our research because this depends on the meteorological conditions and observation methods, such as the flow rate (Sickles 1999;Aikawa et al 2005). Despite these artifacts, however, it has been effectively used for monitoring acidic substances and particulates in the field and for evaluating dry deposition of these compounds, because of its simplicity and convenience (Igawa et al 1998;Takahashi et al 1998;Erduran and Tuncel 2001;Shimohara et al 2001;Hong et al 2002;Khoder 2002;Aikawa et al 2005Aikawa et al , 2006. Annual concentrations of HNO 3 and NO À 3 were significantly higher on the urban-facing side than the mountain-facing side (P=0.005, 0.017 for HNO 3 and NO À 3 , respectively).…”

Intensive Field Survey of Aerosol and Gas Concentrations with 6-h Interval Sampling in Winter in Japan

“…1). A detailed map of the monitoring site is shown in a previous paper (Aikawa et al, 2006). Hatakeyama is a rural site (approximately 300 m from the shore; altitude 170 m above sea level) facing the Sea of Japan.…”

“…The results in 2004 are analyzed and discussed in detail by Aikawa et al (2006). Here we show all trajectories during the 2005 survey period (N=79; Fig.…”

“…Some studies have clarified the transboundary transport of air pollutants from the Eurasian Continent to Japan (e.g., Aikawa et al, 2006;Chen et al, 1997;Murano et al, 1998;Naja & Akimoto, 2004;Ohizumi, Fukuzaki, & Kusakabe, 1997;Wild, Pochanart, & Akimoto, 2004;Xiao, Carmichael, Durchenwald, Thornton, & Bandy, 1997). However, the actual status of air pollution in the area facing the Sea of Japan has never been clarified sufficiently.…”

“…However, the actual status of air pollution in the area facing the Sea of Japan has never been clarified sufficiently. Aikawa et al (2006) surveyed the concentrations of aerosol and gas in ambient air in winter at a rural site in Japan facing the Sea of Japan and quantified the transboundary transport of air pollutants from the Eurasian Continent and/or the Korean Peninsula to Japan. The intensive survey with 6-h interval sampling of the concentrations of chemical species in aerosol and gas was conducted every winter from 2001 to 2005; further detailed analyses have since been carried out.…”