Field Survey on Damages of Gabion Structures Caused by the 2015 Nepal Gorkha Earthquake and Examination of Specific Measures for Earthquake Resistance Improvement

et al. 2019

EPI-IJE

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In developing countries, gabions are widely used in several construction works, like road, river, countermeasures against slope failure and so on, because of their easy operation and low cost. In 2015 Nepal Gorkha Earthquake, a lot of retaining walls using gabions were not damaged against the strong earthquake because of their high flexibility. However, some deformation or declination were reported dpending on retaining wall types and ground conditions behind retaining walls. Therefore, in order to evaluate the earthquake resistance and residual deformations of retaining walls using gabions widely observed in Nepal, full-scale shake table tests and laboratory tests were conducted in previous studies. In this study, elemental simulations for determination of the analysis parameters based on the results of triaxial compression tests were carried out to check the validity of parameters. Then, a series of numerical analysis using proposed model was performed to reproduce the dynamic behaviors of full-scale shake table tests and evaluate the earthquake resistance of retaining wall using gabions. According to the results of these numerical analysis, it was confirmed that proposal model adequately could simulate the dynamic response of retaining walls in the full-scale shake table tests. and it was also cleared that the stepwise type retaining wall was superior to that of vertical type from the standpoint of earthquake stability against sliding and overturning.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of Numerical Analysis for Earthquake Resistance of Retaining Wall Using Gabions

Nishi¹,

Hara

et al. 2019

EPI-IJE

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“…These findings showed that the minimum road function had been maintained in many cases, which demonstrates the durability of gabion-based retaining walls. Details of the field survey have also been reported by Hara et al [5].…”

Section: Significance Of This Study Based On Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Study on Deformation Evaluation of Steel Wire Mesh for Rational Gabion Structure Design

Nishi²,

Kurihara³

et al. 2019

EPI-IJE

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Gabion structures are used in a variety of ways in Japan and around the world because they allow for the creation of simple structures at highly reasonable construction costs and completion periods. Previous earthquake damage surveys have shown that, in many cases, gabion structures did not collapse even though deformation was allowed, and have demonstrated that the wire mesh used in their construction has a high confinement effect on the stones filling the gabion. Despite this, gabions have not been actively utilized, nor have they been used to construct permanent structures in Japan because the design and construction of such structures are based on experience, and a standardized design method has not been developed. Hence, in order to facilitate development a design method for gabion-based structures, we must first go back to the basics and establish a detailed explanation of the wire mesh deformation mechanism of such structures. In this study, we performed tensile tests on wire meshes of different shapes in order to determine their strength and deformation characteristics and then conducted numerical analyses using the results obtained. The tensile tests revealed that deformation characteristics differed depending on the mesh shape and tensile direction. We also showed that the direction in which the tension acts and the mesh nodes are important, and that the test results could be reproduced via numerical analysis with the finite element method by using beam elements.

“…While several road gabion retaining walls in mountainous regions incurred damage, there is very little information that can be used to draw up earthquake countermeasures in Nepal, since there have been few construction cases, case studies or experimental or analytical studies of gabion structures. Hara et al (2018) conducted three field surveys, in July andNovember, 2015, andNo-vember, 2016, of the damage to the gabion road retaining walls along the Araniko Highway in the mountainous regions, and have previously reported the findings in detail. The usage of gabions reported by Hara et al (2018) and Nakazawa et al (2018), shown in Fig.…”

Section: Previous Study On Gabion Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hara et al (2018) conducted three field surveys, in July andNovember, 2015, andNo-vember, 2016, of the damage to the gabion road retaining walls along the Araniko Highway in the mountainous regions, and have previously reported the findings in detail. The usage of gabions reported by Hara et al (2018) and Nakazawa et al (2018), shown in Fig. 1, indicates that, of the 115 locations, 49%, or approximately half, were used as road retaining walls, followed by 19% as crash barriers.…”

Section: Previous Study On Gabion Structuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in developing countries, because of its ease of understanding, easy construction and low cost, gabion is widely used in construction works such as retaining wall and slope stability as well as river levee. According to damage survey results on gabion retaining walls for road after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, it was already reported that different types of damages such as tilting or deformation depended on gabion structure types and ground conditions behind the gabion retaining walls (Hara et al 2018). Although these deformations of gabion retaining walls were mainly caused by the earthquake, it was suggested that many damaged gabion retaining walls showed structural tenacities without causing collapse because of their high flexibilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Model Tests on the Stability of Retaining Walls with Gabions Under Earthquake and Rainfall Conditions

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

Ishizawa

Danjo

et al. 2021

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In this study, based on the damage survey in Nepal, shake table tests and rainfall experiments using a typical gabion retaining wall model were conducted to investigate the influence on earthquake and rainfall basically. In a series of experiments, two same models with retaining wall with slope ground same as typical gabion retaining wall in Nepal were constructed in rigid soil container. Then, the model experiments containing shake table test after preceding rainfall and rainfall after preceding shake table test were simultaneously performed in order to confirm difference of the damage aspects caused by pattern of earthquake and rainfall. As main results, it was confirmed that the deformation tendency of the gabion retaining wall was different by the order of rainfall and earthquake. Especially, the deformation of the retaining wall in Case of preceding shake table test was minor compared to preceding rainfall. Regardless of the order by rainfall and earthquake, the gabion retaining wall showed the same tendency on deformation mode.