Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; and NO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;x&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; emissions from ships

Lööv, J. M. Balzani; Alföldy, Bálint; Beecken, Jörg; Berg, Niklas; Berkhout, A. J. C.; Duyzer, J.H.; Gast, L. F. L.; Hjorth, J.; Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka; Lagler, Friedrich; Mellqvist, J.; Prata, Fred; Hoff, G. R. van der; Westrate, H.; Swart, D. P. J.; Annette, Borowiak

doi:10.5194/amtd-6-9735-2013

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It is known that the diesel particle density varies with composition and size (Barone et al, 2011;Virtanen et al, 2002). For the calculation of the particle mass distribution in this paper, the particle density is arbitrarily assumed to be 1 g cm −3 .…”

Section: Calculation Of Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne emission measurements of SO2, NOx and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique

Beecken¹,

Mellqvist²,

Salo³

et al. 2013

Preprint

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Abstract. A dedicated system for airborne ship emission measurements of SO2, NOx and particles has been developed and used from several small aircrafts. The system has been adapted for fast response measurements at 1 Hz and the use of several of the instruments is unique. The uncertainty of the given data is about 20.3% for SO2 and 23.8% for NOx emission factors. Multiple measurements of 158 ships measured from the air on the Baltic and North Sea during 2011 and 2012 show emission factors of 18.8 ± 6.5 g kgfuel−1, 66.6 ± 23.4 g kgfuel−1, and 1.8 ± 1.3 × 1016 particles kgfuel−1 for SO2, NOx and particle number respectively. The particle size distributions were measured for particle diameters between 15 and 560 nm. The mean sizes of the particles are between 50 and 62 nm dependent on the distance to the source and the number size distribution is mono-modal. Concerning the sulfur fuel content 85% of the ships comply with the IMO limits. The sulfur emission has decreased compared to earlier measurements from 2007 to 2009. The presented method can be implemented for regular ship compliance monitoring.

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Section: Calculation Of Emission Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne emission measurements of SO2, NOx and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique

Beecken¹,

Mellqvist²,

Salo³

et al. 2013

Preprint

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…In this paper, a ship exhaust emission monitoring system based on the sniffing method [4][5] is designed and installed above the locks of Gezhouba Dam in the Yangtze River to judge the fuel quantity [6][7] of the ships passing through the locks and assess the emission factor of the ships [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exhaust emission monitoring system based on the Internet of Things for ships passing through waterway lock

Chen,

Pan

2024

Third International Conference on Electronic Information Engineering, Big Data, and Computer Technology (EIBDCT 2024)

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To solve the problem of ship exhaust emission monitoring in Domestic Emission Control Areas (DECA), we present an Internet of Things (IoT)-based ship exhaust emission monitoring system in this paper. The system consists of three parts: a ship exhaust monitoring device installed above the lock, an IoT data platform, and a comprehensive display platform. The monitoring device uses an STM32 microcontroller as the Main Control Unit (MCU), obtains the concentration of various gases such as SO 2 and CO 2 in the smoke plume of the passing ships through gas sensors, and uploads real-time data to the ThingsBoard IoT data platform through the NB-IoT module. Finally, the fuel sulfur content (FSC) is calculated in the back end and is rendered to the front-end page. The test results show that the detection errors of SO 2 , CO 2 , and NO 2 are -0.7%, -3.2%, and 3.7% respectively. The result proves that the system has high monitoring accuracy and can effectively improve the efficiency of ship emission supervision.

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Measuring SO2 ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera

Prata

2014

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract.Over the last few years fast-sampling ultraviolet (UV) imaging cameras have been developed for use in measuring SO 2 emissions from industrial sources (e.g. power plants; typical emission rates ∼ 1-10 kg s −1 ) and natural sources (e.g. volcanoes; typical emission rates ∼ 10-100 kg s −1 ). Generally, measurements have been made from sources rich in SO 2 with high concentrations and emission rates. In this work, for the first time, a UV camera has been used to measure the much lower concentrations and emission rates of SO 2 (typical emission rates ∼ 0.01-0.1 kg s −1 ) in the plumes from moving and stationary ships. Some innovations and trade-offs have been made so that estimates of the emission rates and path concentrations can be retrieved in real time. Field experiments were conducted at Kongsfjord in Ny Ålesund, Svalbard, where SO 2 emissions from cruise ships were made, and at the port of Rotterdam, Netherlands, measuring emissions from more than 10 different container and cargo ships. In all cases SO 2 path concentrations could be estimated and emission rates determined by measuring ship plume speeds simultaneously using the camera, or by using surface wind speed data from an independent source. Accuracies were compromised in some cases because of the presence of particulates in some ship emissions and the restriction of single-filter UV imagery, a requirement for fastsampling (> 10 Hz) from a single camera. Despite the ease of use and ability to determine SO 2 emission rates from the UV camera system, the limitation in accuracy and precision suggest that the system may only be used under rather ideal circumstances and that currently the technology needs further development to serve as a method to monitor ship emissions for regulatory purposes. A dual-camera system or a single, dual-filter camera is required in order to properly correct for the effects of particulates in ship plumes.

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Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from ships

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Airborne emission measurements of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub> and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique

Airborne emission measurements of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub> and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique

Exhaust emission monitoring system based on the Internet of Things for ships passing through waterway lock

Measuring SO<sub>2</sub> ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera

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Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from ships

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Airborne emission measurements of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique

Airborne emission measurements of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique

Exhaust emission monitoring system based on the Internet of Things for ships passing through waterway lock

Measuring SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera

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Field test of available methods to measure remotely SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from ships

Airborne emission measurements of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub> and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique

Airborne emission measurements of SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub> and particles from individual ships using sniffer technique

Measuring SO<sub>2</sub> ship emissions with an ultraviolet imaging camera