Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic Cues with Gestalt Rules

Qiu, Fangtu T.; Heydt, Rüdiger von der

doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.028

Cited by 244 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Importantly, single unit recording in monkeys have revealed a significant proportion of V2 cortical neurons with selectivity for the side of the contour, that is, border ownership (BO) (31,32). Border ownership (BO) signals are critical for segregating surfaces in depth, as front (figure) or back (ground) (28,29,31,(33)(34)(35).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of binocular integration and suppression determined by surface border information

Ooi

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The visual system relies on both the integration and interocular inhibitory processes to achieve single vision from different images in the two eyes. It is generally assumed that the integration process first searches for matching local features between the two eyes. If the matching fails, an interocular inhibitory process is triggered to suppress the image representation of one eye, leading to visual perception that is essentially contributed by the other eye. Here, using a stimulus comprising of binocularly corresponding features (vertical gratings) but incompatible surface border information, we found evidence to the contrary. In one half-image, a circular patch of vertical grating was phase-shifted relative to the surrounding vertical grating to create a circular, monocular boundary contour (MBC), while the other half-image had a similar vertical grating. The two half-images had a binocular disparity at the circular grating patch area, leading to the percept of a disc in depth. Concurrent with the stereo percept, threshold for detecting a Gabor probe on the half-image without the MBC was higher than that on the corresponding area with the grating disc, indicating binocular suppression. These findings reveal that when we perceive depth, which requires the integration process to obtain binocular disparity from the two eyes, one eye's image could simultaneously be suppressed from visual awareness by the interocular inhibitory process. Our study also presents a provocative example of where the brain selectively binds some, but not all, features of the images from the two eyes for visual perception.awareness ͉ binocular fusion ͉ boundary contours ͉ contrast threshold ͉ stereopsis

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence of binocular integration and suppression determined by surface border information

Ooi

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…These results, combined with the observation that some V2 cells signal border ownership of luminance contours, have led to the suggestion that V2 may be the first step in representing figure-ground segregation Qiu and von der Heydt, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Recent studies have suggested that V2 may play a role in generating visual responses to relatively complex stimuli such as motion-defined borders (Marcar et al, 2000), illusory contours (von der Heydt et al, 1984;Leventhal et al, 1998), angles (Ito and Komatsu, 2004), and oriented borders defined only by disparity ("cyclopean edges") (von der Heydt et al, 2000;Qiu and von der Heydt, 2005). These results, combined with the observation that some V2 cells signal border ownership of luminance contours, have led to the suggestion that V2 may be the first step in representing figure-ground segregation Qiu and von der Heydt, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Simple Account of Cyclopean Edge Responses in Macaque V2

Bredfeldt

Cumming

2006

J. Neurosci.

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It has been shown recently that neurons in V2 respond selectively to the edges of figures defined only by disparity (cyclopean edges). These responses are orientation selective, often preferring similar orientations for cyclopean and luminance contours, suggesting that they may support a cue-invariant representation of contours. Here, we investigate the extent to which processing of purely local visual information (in the vicinity of the receptive field) might explain such results, using the most impoverished stimulus possible containing a cyclopean edge (a circular patch of random dots divided into two regions by a single edge). Many V2 cells responded better to the cyclopean edge than to uniform disparities, and most of these were at least broadly selective for the orientation of the cyclopean edge. Two characteristics argue against a cue-invariant contour representation: (1) the cyclopean edge response was frequently abolished by small changes to the component disparities; and (2) although V2 cells frequently responded to both signs of a cyclopean edge (defined by which side of the edge is in front), they did so at different edge locations. These characteristics are consistent with a simple feedforward scheme in which V2 neurons receive inputs from several V1 subunits with different disparity selectivity. We also found a correlation between the preferred orientations for cyclopean edges and contrast stimuli, suggesting that this feedforward wiring is not random. These characteristics suggest that V2 responses to cyclopean edges may be useful in supporting a cue-invariant contour representation higher in the visual pathway.

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“…The different research options may usefully converge (Valberg, 2001;Valberg & Lee, 1991). Kanizsa's analysis, for example, has provided excellent bases on which to determine neurophysiological correlates of amodal contours (Baumgartner, von der Heydt, & Peterhans, 1984;De Weerd, Desimone, & Underleider, 1998) while the Gestalt principle of Figure/Ground segregation has been important in the neuronal analysis of transparency phenomena (Qiu & von der Heydt, 2005. Similarly, work on the perceptual significance of medial axis representations (Bouix, Siddiqui, Tannenbaum, & Zucker, 2006;Leyton, 1987Leyton, , 1992van Tonder, Lyons, & Ejima, 2002) suggests yet another avenue for neurophysiologic investigation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Amodal Completion of Boundaries in Coloured Surfaces

Dadam¹,

Albertazzi

Canal

et al. 2012

PSYCHOLOGIA -An International Journal of Psychological Sciences

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We present an experimental study on the influence of colour and spatial position in the assessment of boundaries in occluded surfaces. Subjects were asked to mark the place that they judged to be the location of a boundary between two differently coloured parts of a vertical rectangle partially occluded by a horizontal rectangle. Besides the use of eight pairs of colours, the position of the occluder was randomly changed resulting in 13 possible sizes of the coloured parts. The same colours were set for half of the time on the lower part of the vertical rectangle, and for half on the upper part, so as to verify whether changing the colour location would give rise to measurable effects. Results show that amodal completion is influenced not only by spatial cues but also by colour.

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Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic Cues with Gestalt Rules

Cited by 244 publications

References 38 publications

Coexistence of binocular integration and suppression determined by surface border information

Coexistence of binocular integration and suppression determined by surface border information

A Simple Account of Cyclopean Edge Responses in Macaque V2

Amodal Completion of Boundaries in Coloured Surfaces

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