Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decomposition

Oberlin, A.; Endo, Morinobu; Koyama, Tsuneo

doi:10.1016/0022-0248(76)90115-9

Cited by 1,531 publications

(699 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…MWCNTs were synthesized in a vertical tubular reactor, via the floating reactant method, using an organic metallic compound (e.g., ferrocene) as a catalyst precursor, toluene as a carbon feedstock, and hydrogen as a carrier gas in a semi-continuous system (Oberlin et al, 1976;Endo, 1988). Benzene solution containing an organic metallic compound was fed into the reactor using a micro-feeding pump.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics-based safety evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Haniu

Matsuda

Takeuchi

et al. 2010

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomics-based safety evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Haniu

Matsuda

Takeuchi

et al. 2010

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

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“…7 Many accounts reporting the synthesis of hollow nanoscale carbon fibers soon followed, including the growth of MWNTs using chemical vapor deposition by Oberlin, Endo, and Koyama in 1976. 8 Carbon nanotube research took off in 1991 when Sumio Iijima serendipitously observed MWNTs in carbon soot that he had produced while exploring new methods to produce fullerenes. 9 In 1993, several small-scale methods were elucidated to produce carbon nanotubes with only one sidewall, 10,11 and the first method for the large-scale production of SWNTs was presented in 1996.…”

Section: Discovery Of Carbon Nanotubesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

2008

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Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are cylindrical graphitic molecules that have remained at the forefront of nanomaterials research since 1991, largely due to their exceptional and unusual mechanical, electrical, and optical properties. The motivation for understanding how nanotubes interact with light (i.e., SWNT photophysics) is both fundamental and applied. Individual nanotubes may someday be used as superior near-infrared fluorophores, biological tags and sensors, and components for ultrahigh-speed optical communications systems. Establishing an understanding of basic nanotube photophysics is intrinsically significant and should enable the rapid development of such innovations. Unlike conventional molecules, carbon nanotubes are synthesized as heterogeneous samples, composed of molecules with different diameters, chiralities, and lengths. Because a nanotube can be either metallic or semiconducting depending on its particular molecular structure, SWNT samples are also mixtures of conductors and semiconductors. Early progress in understanding the optical characteristics of SWNTs was limited because nanotubes aggregate when synthesized, causing a mixing of the energy states of different nanotube structures. Recently, significant improvements in sample preparation have made it possible to isolate individual nanotubes, enabling many advances in characterizing their optical properties. In this Account, single-molecule confocal microscopy and spectroscopy were implemented to study the fluorescence from individual nanotubes. Single-molecule measurements naturally circumvent the difficulties associated with SWNT sample inhomogeneities. Intrinsic SWNT photoluminescence has a simple narrow Lorentzian line shape and a polarization dependence, as expected for a one-dimensional system. Although the local environment heavily influences the optical transition wavelength and intensity, single nanotubes are exceptionally photostable. In fact, they have the unique characteristic that their single molecule fluorescence intensity remains constant over time; SWNTs do not “blink” or photobleach under ambient conditions. In addition, transient absorption spectroscopy was used to examine the relaxation dynamics of photoexcited nanotubes and to elucidate the nature of the SWNT excited state. For metallic SWNTs, very fast initial recovery times (300–500 fs) corresponded to excited-state relaxation. For semiconducting SWNTs, an additional slower decay component was observed (50–100 ps) that corresponded to electron–hole recombination. As the excitation intensity was increased, multiple electron–hole pairs were generated in the SWNT; however, these e−h pairs annihilated each other completely in under 3 ps. Studying the dynamics of this annihilation process revealed the lifetimes for one, two, and three e−h pairs, which further confirmed that the photoexcitation of SWNTs produces not free electrons but rather one-dimensional bound electron–hole pairs (i.e., excitons). In summary, nanotube photophysics is a rapidly developing area o...

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“…Discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is attributed to Sumio Iijima (1991), although some earlier reports from different laboratories also described hollow nanosized carbon tubes (Oberlin et al 1976). CNTs are composed of carbon atoms arranged in hexagonal ring structures similar to graphite, with some five-membered or seven-membered rings providing the structure curvature (Baxendale 2003).…”

Section: Nanomaterials Scaffolds For Neuroregenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Nanomaterials for Clinical Neuroscience

Gilmore

Xiang

Quan

et al. 2008

J Neuroimmune Pharmacol

213

123

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Neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke are rapidly increasing as population ages. The field of nanomedicine is rapidly expanding and promises revolutionary advances to the diagnosis and treatment of devastating human diseases. This paper provides an overview of novel nanomaterials that have potential to improve diagnosis and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders. Examples include liposomes, nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, block ionomer complexes, nanogels, and dendrimers that have been tested clinically or in experimental models for delivery of drugs, genes, and imaging agents. More recently discovered nanotubes and nanofibers are evaluated as promising scaffolds for neuroregeneration. Novel experimental neuroprotective strategies also include nanomaterials, such as fullerenes, which have antioxidant properties to eliminate reactive oxygen species in the brain to mitigate oxidative stress. Novel technologies to enable these materials to cross the blood brain barrier will allow efficient systemic delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents to the brain. Furthermore, by combining such nanomaterials with cell-based delivery strategies, the outcomes of neurodegenerative disorders can be greatly improved.

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Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decomposition

Cited by 1,531 publications

References 17 publications

Proteomics-based safety evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Proteomics-based safety evaluation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Photophysics of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Novel Nanomaterials for Clinical Neuroscience

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